Chapter 1: Changing Landscapes Case Studies Flashcards
Case Studies Included: 1. Holderness Coastline 2. Sefton Dunes 3. Sundarbans
Where is Sefton located?
Between Liverpool and Stockport
Give 3 reasons why the Sefton Dunes were being eroded?
- Period storms which caused loosening soil
- Dredging of beach material
- Off-road vehicles
How were the Sefton Dunes protected from Dune Walkers?
Soft Engineering. Dunes were roped off to the public and footbridges were created around the dunes.
What other actions were implemented to limit the erosion of the Sefton Dunes?
- Planting of ‘Yews’ and ‘Marram Grass’ to strengthen the soil and compact it together
- Banning off-road vehicles
Why is coastal management needed along the Holderness coastline?
Chalk is made from the glacial till which makes it easily erodible.
There is a long fetch across the North Sea
What is located in Easington?
Gas Terminal
How much erosion is occurring yearly along the Holderness coastline due to sea level rise?
2m
Where are the 3 locations we study along the Holderness coastline?
Mapleton, Easington, Withersea
What management strategies are used in Mapleton to mitigate the challenges to the 50 properties?
Rock armour, groynes and cliff reprofiling
Which farm is located in Mapleton?
Cowden
Why were the use of Groynes in Easington controversial?
Whilst they were protecting the gas terminal which was powering the North, it stopped the growth of Spurn head spit- a SSSI. To mitigate this challenge it was agreed the groynes would last until the gas reserves were used up, and then removed to let the spit grow.
What does an SSSI stand for?
Site of Special Scientific Interest
How long is Spurn Head spit?
5.5km long
Why were the defences in Withersea causing other issues?
The groynes were just moving the erosion downstream away from the villages, causing extensive erosion.
How much do sea walls cost?
£5-10,000 per metre. They’re also unsightly to the public and need to be replaced every 20 years at least.
How much does rock armour cost?
£1-4000 per metre
They’re relatively cheap and easy as the material can be widely sources, and provide a great habitat for ecosystems.
How long is Chesil Beach?
18km long
Chesil beach is the only … in the UK. Can you fill in the gap?
Tombolo. This is where a spit joins an island (Isle of Purbeck) to the mainland (Dorset). It has a salt marsh behind, as water is unable to easily circulate round the spit.
Where is the Purbeck Coast?
Lyme Regis to Bournemouth
What is Old Harry Rocks?
An arch, cave, stack and stump. Its rock type is chalk and appears along a discordant coastline.
How old is Old Harry?
65million years old.
What headland is along the Purbeck Coast?
Durlstone Head
What headland is along the Purbeck Coast?
Durlstone Head
What is the Great Barrier Reef an example of?
Biotic Processes along the largest sea reef/program in the World.
How many fish species does the GBR have?
1625 and 3000 mollusc
What issues is the GBR facing due to climate change?
Coral Bleaching.
This is because as sea temperatures rise the algae cannot survive so leaves/dies. This causes the coral to die as it lives on the algae and its by-products. This causes the ecosystem to die as the coral provides an ecosystem for the marine life.
What is being done to battle the bleaching? Give 3 actions.
- Media Coverage. 2015 BBC Attenborough documentary to draw attention
- UNESCO placed GBR on the World Heritage list
- Government pledged £600 million to help water purity
What is the Sundarbans?
The worlds largest delta (Mangroves) and is located in Bangladesh
