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General Biology > Chapter 1- Cell Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Cell Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

All organisms are composed of the fundamental unit of life; it is also the smallest unit of life; basic organizational principle of biology

A

Cell

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2
Q

scientific instrument which is used to observe very tiny organisms and objects

A

Microscope

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3
Q

Two main types of Microscope

A

Light and Electron Microscope

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4
Q

Example of microscopic organism that can only be seen in microscope

A

Virus

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5
Q

made up of one or more cells

A

Living Things

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6
Q

Single-cell organisms

A

Unicellular Organisms

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7
Q

two or more cells

A

Multicellular Organism

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8
Q

Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms can be categorized as

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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9
Q

Common features of plants and animal cells they share

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cell Membrane

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10
Q

Contains distinctive feature

A

Plant cell

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11
Q

does not have such as chloroplasts and cell wall

A

Animal Cell

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12
Q

increase in the number of cells

A

Cell Division

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13
Q

process when nucleus divides and produces new cells; it is also part of sexual and asexual reproduction

A

Cell Division

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14
Q

Two Main Types of Cell Division

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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15
Q

needed to identify the wide variety of organisms on Earth

A

System

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16
Q

sorting of living organisms into groups based on their common characteristics

A

Classification

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17
Q

he developed the classification system that survived to the present day

A

Carl Linnaeus

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18
Q

Organisms are classified into five mains groups called

A

Kingdoms

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19
Q

Five main groups of Kindoms

A 
Animals 
Plants
Fungi
Bacteria
Very simple Organisms
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20
Q

a scientific instrument used to observe very small objects that the naked eye cannot see; Biologist use this

A

Microscope

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21
Q

Why do they use microscope?

A

to investigate

discover and add new information and ideas to the existing human knowledge

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22
Q

Different kinds of microscope and they are divided into

A

Light Microscope

Electron Microscope

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23
Q

he first developed the light microscope in 1665

A

Robert Hooke

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24
Q

it contains several glass lenses, it has its own light source or a mirror that reflects available room light through its lenses

A

Light Microscope

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25
Q

it usually uses light that illuminates and passes through a specimen

A

Light Microscope

26
Q

it is a sample of material used for testing

A

Specimen

27
Q

it is used to increases the ability of a human eye to see tiny objects, it also magnifies tiny organisms to about 1000 times their actual size

A

Light Microscope

28
Q

Two types of Light Microscope

A

Simple Light Microscope and Compound light Microscope

29
Q

it has one objective lens; it was one Robert Hooke used; they’re similar to a magnifying glass

A

Simple light microscope

30
Q

it has at least two sets of glass lenses; it is commonly used in school science laboratories; most of them have several objective lenses, each with different magnification

A

Compound Light microscope

31
Q

it is made up of several important pars and each part has a specific function

A

Light Microscope

32
Q

it is the lens you look through to observe specimens and it magnifies the image of the specimen

A

Eyepiece lens

33
Q

it magnifies the specimen, when you rotate it, it can change the magnification

A

Objective Lens

34
Q

the coarse focus knob is used to move the lens closer to focus on the specimen

A

Coarse Adjustment Knob

35
Q

it is used for holding when carrying the microscope

A

Arm

36
Q

the fine focus knob is used to move the objective lens closer to the specimen

A

Fine Adjustment Knob

37
Q

holds prepared slide in place

A

Clips

38
Q

it is where the specimen placed and it hold he slide in place

A

Stage

39
Q

it stabilizes the microscope so that it will not fall over

A

Base

40
Q

it controls the amount of light that goes through the specimen

A

Diaphragm

41
Q

it concentrates light from the mirror onto the specimen

A

Condenser

42
Q

it reflects light from a light source up through the diaphragm

A

Mirror

43
Q

are powerful research tools, it is made of several electromagnetic lenses

A

Electron Microscope

44
Q

it uses beam of electrons to produce highly magnified images of objects

A

Electron Microscope

45
Q

scientists uses this in man different fields of research including medicine, biology, chemistry, physics, metallurgy, and entomology (study of insects)

A

Electron Microscope

46
Q

it ables to obtain much higher powers of magnification than standard visible light microscopes

A

Electron Microscope

47
Q

Difference between light and electron microscope

A

• Light: (lm) (em)
Visible Light - beam of electrons
• Light Control:
Glass lenses to control light - Electromagnetic lenses
• Image:
Viewed directly by the observer - put on fluorescent screen, than an observer sees
• Magnification:
Magnify tiny objects up to about 1000 times their actual size - magnify tiny objects up to a million times their actual size

48
Q

who discovered cell in 1665

A

Robert Hooke

49
Q

How does he discovered it?

A

He was able to observe a piece of cork specimen structures which appears as tiny compartment similar to small rooms that are fitted to each other

50
Q

chamber-like structures

A

cell

51
Q

came from Latin word Cella

A

Cell

52
Q

it means small room

A

Cella

53
Q

it means six-sided cell of the honeycombed

A

Cellulae

54
Q

another scientist who saw tiny living organisms through a microscope which he named animacules

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

55
Q

Organisms that difficult to see on a naked eye, that included protozoa and other unicellular organisms like bacteria

A

Animalcules

56
Q

basic principles of biology

A

Cell Theory

57
Q

they stated that all animal tissues are composed also of cell

A

Theodore Schwann (1839) a German botanist and Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1838) also a botanist

58
Q

in 1858, he concluded that all cella comes from pre-existing cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

59
Q

basis on how an object is considered as a living thing

A

Three postulates of the cell Theory

60
Q

Three Postulates of the Cell Theory

A
  1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
  2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
  3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

General Biology (4 decks)

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