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ANPH 202 > Chapter 1 Body Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Body Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

-the study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

-the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

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3
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head

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4
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the feet

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts

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6
Q

Distal

A

Away from, or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part

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7
Q

Body cavities

A

(Ventral body cavities)
THORACIC cavity
-mediastinum: heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, blood vessels
-pleural cavities: lungs
ABDOMINOPELVIC cavity
-abdominal cavity: liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, parts of large intestine
-pelvic cavity: lower (sigmoid) colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
(Dorsal body cavities)
-cranial cavity: brain
-spinal cavity: spinal cord

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8
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A
  • four quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ)

- nine regions

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9
Q

The word “decubitus” means

A

Lying down

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10
Q

A radiographic ____ describes the path of the x-ray beam

A

Projection

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11
Q

For a posteroanterior projection of the chest, the patient would be facing ____ from the detector

A

Away from

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12
Q

A patient positioned in an RAO would have their ______ shoulder in contact with the table

A

Right

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13
Q

The knee is _______ to the ankle (proximal or distal)

A

Proximal

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14
Q

The shoulders are (distal/lateral) to the sternum

A

Lateral

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15
Q

The lungs are contained within the (pleural/peritoneal) cavities

A

Pleural

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16
Q

The abdominal cavity is physically separated from the pelvic cavity (true/false)

A

False

17
Q

The peritoneal membrane is a (serous/mucous) membrane

A

Serous

18
Q

The left iliac region is inferior to the left hypochondriac region (true/false)

A

True

19
Q

Trendelenberg position

A

A recumbent position with the body tilted with the head lower than the feet

20
Q

Fowlers

A

A recumbent position with the body tilted with the head higher than the feet

21
Q

Membrane

A

-thin, sheet like structure
-cover and protect the body surface, line body cavities, and cover the inner surfaces of the hollow organs such as the digestive, reproductive, and respiratory passageways
-anchor organs to each other or other bones, cover internal organs
-some secrete lubricating fluid
Two major categories
1. Epithelial membranes
2. Connective tissue membranes

22
Q

Epithelial membranes

A
  • composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue
  • there are 3 types of epithelial tissue
    1. Cutaneous membrane
    2. serous membrane
    3. Mucous membranes
23
Q

Connective tissue membranes

A
  • composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue

- no epithelial cells are present in this type of membrane

24
Q

Cutaneous membrane ( a type of epithelial membrane)

A
  • aka skin
  • primary organ of the integumentary system
  • has a superficial layer of epithelial cells and an underlying layer of supportive connective tissue
25
Q

Serous membranes (a type of epithelial membrane)

A
  • found only on surfaces within closed cavities
  • composed of two distinct layers of tissue; the epithelial sheet is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium. The connective layer forms a very thin, glue like basement membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells
  • a single, continuous sheet of tissue covering two different surfaces (this arrangement results in two distinct layers of serous membranes)
  • 1st type lines body cavities (parietal layer), like wallpaper covers the walls of a room
  • 2nd type covers the organs within those cavities (visceral layer)
26
Q

In the thoracic cavity the serous membranes are called?

A

Pleura!

27
Q

In the abdominal cavity the serous membranes are called?

A

Peritoneum!

28
Q

Serous membranes continued!

A

-secrete a thin, watery fluid that helps reduce friction and serves as a lubricant when organs rub against one another and against the walls of the cavities that contain them

29
Q

Pleurisy

A
  • very painful pathological condition characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes (pleura) that line the chest cavity and cover the lungs
  • pain is caused by irritation and friction as the lungs rub against the walls of the chest cavity
30
Q

Mucous membranes (a type of epithelial membrane)

A
  • line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior ex lining the respiratory, digestive tracts etc
  • epithelial component varies, depending on its location and function (in most cases stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelia)
  • epithelial cells of most mucus membranes secrete a thick, slimy material called mucus that keeps the membranes moist and soft
  • fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium is called the lamina propria
31
Q

Mucocutaneous junction

A
  • transitional area that serves as the point of ‘fusion’ where skin and mucous membranes meet
  • such junctions lack accessory organs such as hair or sweat glands
  • generally moistened by mucous glands within the body orifices or openings, where these junctions are located
  • ex eyelids, lips, nasal openings etc
32
Q

Connective tissue membranes

A
  • no epithelial components
  • the synovial membranes lining the joint capsules that surround and attach the ends of articulating bones in moveable joints are classified as connective tissue membranes
  • these membranes secrete synovial fluid
  • the membrane itself, with its synovial fluid, helps reduce friction between the opposing surfaces of bones in moveable joints
  • synovial membranes also line the small, cushion like sacs called bursae found between moving body parts

ANPH 202 (9 decks)

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