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Psych 336 > Chapter 1 - Biological Transition > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Biological Transition Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine System

A

system for hormones

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2
Q

Hormones

A

specialized substances from endocrine glands

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3
Q

Glands

A

organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways to particular hormones

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4
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons

A

specialized neurons that are activated by certain pubertal hormones

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5
Q

Set point

A

A psychological level or setting that the body attempts to maintain through self regulating system

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6
Q

Feedback loop

A

a cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other such as that formed by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads

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7
Q

Gonads

A

the glands that secrete sex hormones in males, the testes in females, the ovaries

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8
Q

Testes

A

male gonads

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9
Q

Ovaries

A

female gonads

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10
Q

Androgens

A

a class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads. found in both sexes but in higher levels among females than males following puberty

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11
Q

Estrogens

A

a class of sex hormones
secreted by gonads
both sexes
higher levels among females than males (following puberty)

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12
Q

HPG (hypothalamic pituitary gonadal) axis

A

the neurophysiological pathway

involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the gonads

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13
Q

Adrenarche

A

the maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence

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14
Q

Cortisol

A

hormone produced when a person is exposed to stress

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15
Q

Kisspeptin

A

a brain chemical believed to trigger the onset of puberty

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16
Q

Leptin

A

a protein produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty through its impact on kiss peptin

17
Q

Melatonin

A

a hormone secreted by the brain that contributes to sleepiness and the triggers the onset of puberty through its impact on kisspeptin

18
Q

Adolescent growth spurt

A

the dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty

19
Q

Peak height velocity

A

the point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly

20
Q

Epiphysis

A

the closing of the ends of bones, which terminates growth after the adolescent growth spurt has been completed

21
Q

Secondary sex charactertistics

A

the manifestation of sexual maturity at puberty including the development of breasts
the growth of facial and body hair and changes in the voice

22
Q

Tanner stages

A

a widely used system that describes the five stages of pubertal development

23
Q

Pheromones

A

a class of chemicals secreted by the animals that stimulates certain behaviours in other members of the species

24
Q

Secular trend

A

the tendency, over the past two centuries for the individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, primarily because of improvements in health and nutrition

25
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

a study that compares two or more groups of individuals at one point in time

26
Q

Longitudinal study

A

group of individuals over times

27
Q

Delayed phase preference

A

a pattern of sleep characteristics by later sleep and wake times
emerges during puberty

28
Q

Basal metabolism rate

A

the minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state

29
Q

Body mass index (BMI)

A

a measure of an individuals body fat

the ratio of weight to height, used to gauge overweight and obesity

30
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

young woman

dramatic and severe self induced weight loss

31
Q

Bulimia

A

young woman
pattern of binge eating and extreme weight loss measures
eg. self induced vomiting

32
Q

Binge eating disorder

A

an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight

33
Q

Adolescent health care

A

a field of study and health care devoted to understanding the heath care needs of individuals during the second decade of life

34
Q

Graduated driver licensing

A

a licensing system in which full adult driving privileges are not granted all at once to teen drivers by phased in over time

Psych 336 (3 decks)

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