Chapter 1 - Atoms, Molecules And Ions Flashcards
Most Accepted Model of an Atom
Niels Bohr
Planetary Model
Basic unit of elements that can enter into a chemical combination
Atom
Different proportions of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass
Law of definite proportions
Two elements combine: their mass will just combine too. Fixed mass and present in ration of whole numbers.
Law of multiple Proportions
Matter cannot be crated nor destroyed
Law of conservation of mass
Internal structure; small particles inside an atom
Subatomic Particles (electron, neutron, proton)
Discoverer of electron
And how
JJ Thomson
Cathode Ray Tube
Discoverer of nucleus and protons and how
Ernest rutherford
Gold foil experiment
Discoverer of neutron
And how
James Chadwick
Bombarding beryllium with alpha particles
Number of proton on each atom in an element
Atomic number
Total number of neutrons and proton present in the element
Mass number
Same atomic number but different mass numbers
Isotope
Chart in which element with the same physical and chemical characteristics are grouped together
Periodic table
Vertical column in periodic table
Group or Families
Horizontal row in the periodic table
Period
Good conductor of electricity and heat
Metal
Poor conductor of electricity and heat
Nonmetal
Possess both characteristics of metal and nonmetals
Metalloids
Group 1A
Alkali Metals
Group 2A
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7A
Halogens
Group 6A
Chalcogens
Group 8A
Noble Gases or Rare Gases
An aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces
Molecule
Molecule with 2 atoms
Diatomic molecule
Molecules with more than 2 atoms
Polyatomic molecules
An atom that has a net positive or negative charge
Ion
Ion with net positive charge
Cation
Ion with negative charge
Anion
Cation + anion
Ionic compound
Shows exact number of atoms on the smallest unit
Molecular formula
One of two or more distinct forms of an element
Allotrope
Tells is which element are present and the simplest whole-number ration of their atoms
Empirical formula
Compound that contain carbon
Organic compounds
Any other compounds that doesn’t contain carbon
Inorganic compounds
Compounds formed from just two elements
Binary compounds
Substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved into water
Acids
Acids that contain H, O and another element (central element)
Oxoacids
Anions of oxoacids
Oxoanions
Substance that yields hydroxide ions when dissolved into water
Bases
Compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
Hydrates
Simplest type of organic compound
Hydrocarbons
Emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves
Radiation
Spontaneous emission of particles and / or radiation
Radioactivity
Weighted average of all isotopes of element with respect to its natural abundance
(Measured in amu)
Average Atomic Mass
Amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are atoms in 12g carbon-12
Mole
Amount of substance that is the mass per mole of its entities
Molar mass
Shows how atoms to one another in a molecule
Structural Formula
