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Chemistry > Chapter 1 Atomic Structure/ Separation Techniques > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Atomic Structure/ Separation Techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Element?

A

A substance made from one type of atom.

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2
Q

What is a Compound?

A

A chemically bonded substance made from 2 or more types of atoms.

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3
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance made from two or more types of atom that aren’t chemically bonded

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4
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

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5
Q

What is Crystallisation used for?

A

To separate a soluble solid from a liquid

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6
Q

What is simple distillation used for?

A

To separate a liquid from a solid

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7
Q

What is fractional distillation used for?

A

To separate a liquid from a liquid with different boiling points

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8
Q

What processes does distillation use?

A

Evaporation and Condensation

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9
Q

What is paper Chromatography used for?

A

To separate substances based on solubility

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10
Q

What is the stationary phase?

A

The Chromatography paper

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11
Q

What do atoms consist of?

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

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12
Q

What is the mass of a Proton?

A

1

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13
Q

What is the mass of a Neutron

A

1

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14
Q

What is the mass of an Electron?

A

1/2000 (negligible)

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15
Q

What is the Atomic Number?

A

The number of protons in an atom. It is also Equal to the number of electrons

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16
Q

What is the Mass number?

A

The mass of the atom. It is equal to the atomic number plus the number of neutrons.

17
Q

What are the characteristics of the Alkali metals?

A
  • Soft
  • 1 electron in the outer shell
  • react quickly with water, oxygen and chlorine
  • form +1 ions
  • more reactive as you go down list
18
Q

Alkali metal + Water = ?

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

19
Q

Alkali metals + Oxygen = ?

A

Metal Oxide

20
Q

What are the characteristics of the halogens?

A
  • 7 electrons in outer shell
  • form molecules with 2 atoms joined by a covalent bond
  • less reactive as you go down list
  • form -1 ions when reacted with metals
21
Q

What are the characteristics of the noble gases?

A
  • Full outer shell
  • unreactive
  • boiling point decreases as you go down the list
22
Q

What are the characteristics of the transition metals?

A
  • Hard and strong eg iron
  • high melting points except for mercury
  • can form ions with different positive charges
  • form coloured compounds
  • can be used as a catalyst
23
Q

What type of ions do metals form and why?

A

Positive because they lose electrons to gain a full outer shell

24
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom. Occurs when electrons are lost or gained.

25
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Isotopes are atoms that are the same element but with different numbers of neutrons

Chemistry (2 decks)

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