Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy - Abdomen and Pelvis > Chapter 1 - Anterior Abdominal Wall (until pyramidalis) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Anterior Abdominal Wall (until pyramidalis) Flashcards

1
Q

Definition and position of umbilicus

A
  • Normal scar on anterior abdominal wall
  • Remnants of root of umbilical cord
  • in anterior median line
  • level of L3-L4
  • lower in infants and persons with pendulous abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomical importance of umbilicus

A
  • Lymph and venous blood flow upwards above umbilical plane and downwards below
  • Skin around by T10 segment of spinal cord
  • Portal veins anastamose with systemic veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Embryological importance of umbilicus

A
  • Meeting point of 4 folds of embryonic plate - 2 lateral, head, tail
  • Meeting point of digestive, excretory, vascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Persistence of vitellointestinal duct

A

Patent - faecal fistula at umbilicus
Proximal part - Meckel’s diverticulum
Middle part - enterocoele
- May form raspberry red or cherry red tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Layers of superficial fascia

A
  1. Superficial, fatty layer - fascia of Camper

2. Deep, membranous layer - fascia of Scarpa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fatty layer of superficial fascia

A
  • continuous with superficial fascia of nearby parts
  • in penis, devoid of fat
  • in scrotum, replaced by dartos muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Membranous layer of superficial fascia

A
  • continuous with membranous layer of superficial fascia of perineum - Colles fascia
  • prevents passage of extravasted urine backwards into ischiorectal fossa due to rupture of urethra
  • thickened in median plane to form suspensory ligament, fundiform ligament of penis/clitoris
  • Above umbilicus, it merges with fatty layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Line of attachment of membranous fascia

A
  1. Holden’s line
  2. Pubic tubercle
  3. Body of pubis
  4. Pubic arch
  5. Posterior border of perineal membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterior cutaneous N of AAW

A

Thoracic N - T7-T12, L1

  • Enter abdominal wall from intercostal spaces
  • pass b/w internal oblique and transversus
  • pierce posterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis
  • enter rectus sheath
  • pierce rectus muscles
  • divide into medial and lateral branches
  • Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal do not enter rectus sheath
  • Subcostal supplies pyramidalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lateral cutaneous N of AAW

A

T10-T11 intercostal N
- pierce external intercostal
- divide into anterior andposterior branches
- supply skin on side of abdomen
lateral cutaneous branches of subcostal and iliohypogastric N (T12, L1)
- descend over iliac crest
- supply skin of gluteal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cutaneous A of AAW

A
  1. Anterior cutaneous A - from superior, inferior epigastric A
  2. Lateral cut. A - from lower intercostal A
  3. Superficial inguinal A - from femoral
  4. Superficial epigastric A - skin upto umbilicus
  5. Superficial external pudendal A - skin of external genitalia
  6. Superficial circumflex iliac A - skin of abdomen, thigh
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Superior vena caval blockage vein path

A 
Brachiocephalic ->
Subclavian ->
Axillary ->
Lateral thoracic ->
Thoracoepigastric ->
Superficial epigastric ->
Great saphenous ->
Femoral ->
IVC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Caput Medusae

A
  • When portal vein, SVC or IVC are obstructed, superficial abdominal V dilate to provide collateral circulation
  • Dilated V radiate from umbilicus forming caput medusae
  • Mainly seen in portal obstructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Origin of external oblique M

A
  1. As 8 slips from outer surface of shafts of lower 8 ribs

- Downward, forward, medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Insertion of external oblique M

A 
-Aponeurosis
Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Pubic symphysis
Pubic crest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nerve supply of external oblique M

A

Lower 6 thoracic N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Properties of external oblique M

A
  • Upper 4 slips interdigitate with serratus anterior, lower 4 with latissimus dorsi
  • aponeurosis has free margin which forms inguinal ligament
  • aponeurosis forms anterior wall of rectus sheath
  • forms triangular superficial inguinal ring above pubic crest
18
Q

Origin of internal oblique M

A
  1. Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament
  2. Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
  3. Thoracolumbar fascia
    - Upwards, forwards, medially
19
Q

Insertion of internal oblique M

A
  1. Uppermost directly into lower 4 ribs
  2. Aponeurosis into:
    • 7, 8, 9 costal cartilages
    • xiphoid process
    • linea alba
    • pubic crest
    • pectineal line of pubis
20
Q

Nerve supply of internal oblique M

A
  • Lower 6 thoracic N

- L1 N

21
Q

Properties of internal oblique M

A
  1. In upper 3/4 aponeurosis splits into anterior, posterior lamina
  2. Anterior lamina passes in front of rectus abdominis and posterior lamina behind.
  3. Posterior lamina ends to form linea semicircularis/ arucate line
  4. Lower 1/4 aponeurosis is single layer
  5. Forms conjoint tendon and cremaster muscle
22
Q

Origin of transversus abdominis M

A
  1. Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
  2. Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
  3. Thoracolumbar fascia
  4. Inner surface of lower 6 costal cartilages
    - Horizontally forwards
23
Q

Insertion of transversus abdominis M

A 
-Aponeurosis
Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Pubic crest
- Lowest fibres + internal oblique form conjoint tendon
24
Q

Nerve supply of transversus abdominis M

A
  • Lower 6 thoracic N

- L1 N

25
Q

Properties of transversus abdominis M

A
  1. In upper 3/4, aponeurosis passes behind rectus muscle
  2. Lower edge contributes to arcuate line
  3. Lower 1/4, aponeurosis forms anterior wall of rectus sheath.
26
Q

Origin of rectus abdominis M

A
  1. Lateral head - lateral part of pubic crest
  2. Medial head - Medial pubic crest, anterior pubic ligament
    - Vertically upward
27
Q

Insertion of rectus abdominis M

A

Xiphoid process

7th, 6th, 5th costal cartilages

28
Q

Nerve supply of rectus abdominis M

A

Lower 6 thoracic N

29
Q

Properties of rectus abdominis M

A
  1. It has 3 transverse fibrous bands that divide it into small parts
    a. opp. umbilicus
    b. opp. free end of xiphoid
    c. b/w both
  2. They make muscle powerful
30
Q

Actions of muscles of AAW

A
  1. Tone of M provide firm, elastic support for abdominal viscera against gravity
  2. Can compress viscera for expulsive acts like vomiting, micturition, defecation, paturition
  3. External oblique and depress/compress lower thorax for forceful expiration, sneezing, coughing
  4. Movements of trunk:
    a. Flexion of trunk/spine - rectus abdominis
    b. Lateral flexion of trunk - obliques
    c. Rotation of trunk - ext. oblique + opp. int. oblique
31
Q

Formation and attachments of inguinal ligament

A 
FORMATION
- by lower border of ext. oblique 
- aponeurosis is thickened and folded upon itself
- from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
ATTACHMENTS
- Lower border - fascia lata
- Lat 2/3 - Int. oblique
- Lat 1/3 - transversus abdominis
- Middle - Cremaster
32
Q

Relations of inguinal ligament

A

Upper surface forms floor of inguinal canal

Lodges spermatic cord and round ligament of uterus

33
Q

Extensions of inguinal ligament

A
  1. Lacunar ligament
  2. Ligament of Cooper
  3. Reflected part of inguinal ligament
  4. Intracrural fibres that arise from middle and arch over superficial inguinal ring
34
Q

Lacunar ligament

A
  • Triangular
  • Ant: Medial end of inguinal ligament
  • Post: pecten pubis
  • Horizontal
  • Supports spermatic cord
  • Forma medial boundary of femoral ring
35
Q

Ligament of Cooper

A
  • Extension from post. part of lacunar ligament

- Attached to pecten pubis

36
Q

Reflected part of inguinal ligament

A
  • fibres pass upwards and medially from superficial inguinal ring(SIR)
  • lies behind SIR and in front of conjoint tendon
37
Q

Conjoint tendon

A
  • fusion of lowest fibres of int. oblique and transversus
  • attached to pubic crest, pecten pubis
  • Medially, continuous with anterior wall of rectus sheath
  • Laterally, free
  • Strengthens abdominal wall at site where it is weakened by SIR
38
Q

Cremaster muscle

A
  • muscle fasiculi embedded in cremasteric fascia
  • fasiculi form superficial loops from upper surface of inguinal ligament
  • form deep loops from pubic crest, conjoint tendon
  • fully developed only in male
  • lies deep to external spermatic fascia
39
Q

Nerve supply of cremasteric muscle

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral N

40
Q

Action of cremaster

A

Helps suspend and elevate testes

Closes SIR when intra-abdominal pressure increases

41
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A
  • On stroking upper part of medial side of thigh, cremaster reflexively contracts
  • More brisk in children
  • In upper motor N leisions abover L1, reflex is lost
42
Q

Pyramidalis

A
  • small triangular
  • from anterior surface of body of pubis
  • fibres - upwards, medially
  • inserted into linea alba
  • supplied by subcostal N T12
  • tensor of linea alba

Anatomy - Abdomen and Pelvis (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions