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Theory of Knowledge > Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Common knowledge

A

knowledge accepted by a majority of people but could be rejected by a minority (possibly false)

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2
Q

Example of common knowledge

A

The moon orbits the earth

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3
Q

Non-example of common knowledge

A

The sun will not rise tomorrow morning

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4
Q

Kinds of knowledge

A

experiential knowledge, knowing how, knowing that

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5
Q

Experiential knowledge

A

living (experience and reflect), sensation, emotion

I know that it hurts when you touch a hot stove

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6
Q

Knowing how

A

procedural knowledge

I know how to play guitar

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7
Q

Knowing that

A

knowledge claims

I know the theory of music

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8
Q

Rationalism

A

school of thought; reason has precedence over all other ways of acquiring knowldege; or that reason is a unique way to knowledge

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9
Q

Empiricism

A

school of thought; senses are primary with respect to knowledge; belief that empirical prcess begins at birth and continues through life

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10
Q

Knowledge claim

A

What we say we know. We have accpeted it, it is expressed in a language, statement, presented as true, includes opinions; includes opinions

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11
Q

Statements of personal observation

A

knowledge claim, what we know through senses

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12
Q

Statement of values

A

knowledge claim, Value judgement

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13
Q

statement by observation

A

knowledge claim, scientific or made by many people

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14
Q

predictions

A

knowledge claim

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15
Q

hypothetical claim

A

knowledge claim

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16
Q

Metaphysical

A

knowledge claim (beyond this world)

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17
Q

definition

A

knowledge claim

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18
Q

Knowledge by questions

A

questions about knowledge itself and the methods by which we create it (open questions and general)

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19
Q

Certainty

A

what distinguishes knowledge from belief; knowing something without a doubt, true at all times

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20
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

noticing only evidence that supports your belief

21
Q

Gullibility

A

believing too readily without questions, can lead to false knowledge

22
Q

relativism

A

school of thought; there is no such thing as absolute truth; truth is different for individuals (contradicts itself)

23
Q

skepticism

A

ability to question knowledge; question too much; can lead to close-mindedness

24
Q

Ways of knowledge

A

how we find certainty

25
Q

language

A

way of knowlegde; learn from others

26
Q

perception

A

way of knowledge; learn from experience

27
Q

reason

A

way of knowledge

28
Q

Emotion

A

way of knowledge; learn from feelings

29
Q

Imaginal

A

way of knowledge

30
Q

Intuition

A

way of knowledge

31
Q

memory

A

way of knowledge

32
Q

faith

A

way of knowledge

33
Q

8 Areas of knoweldge

A

math, natural sciences, human sciences, arts, ethics, history, indigenous, religious systems

34
Q

Indoctrination

A

the way something is taught, but not what is taught; information that is given through a process of teaching in which you discourage questioning and critical thinking

35
Q

Example of indoctrination

A

public school in a totalitarian society

36
Q

knowledge by authority

A

knowledge acquired from other people that you believe to be true

37
Q

example of knowledge by authority

A

believing the information taught by teachers

38
Q

personal knowledge

A

something you personally know and is not publically known (intimate knowledge)

39
Q

example of personal knowledge

A

I don’t know how to whistle

40
Q

Shared knowledge

A

some knowledge that is known as part of a group

41
Q

example of shared knowledge

A

The entire marching band knows where to march on the field

42
Q

second-hand knowledge

A

knowledge acquired form other pople

43
Q

example of second-hand knowlegde

A

I know AP Euro becasue Mr. Mikulec taught me

44
Q

Authority Worship

A

accept what one is told without thinking about it

45
Q

example of authority worship

A

I believe that history happened because that’s what I have been told

46
Q

Correspondence test

A

observational truths (evidence); limitation is scope (not very reliable), not all knowledge can be observationally checked, also limited by quality and quantity

47
Q

Coherence truth test

A

constitent with what is already known; limitation is drawing on own beliefs (confirmation bias)

48
Q

Pragmatic Truth test

A

does it work?; practical consequences; limitation is “what works”

Theory of Knowledge (6 decks)

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