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Chemistry > chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A possible explanation of for an observation, that can be tested by further investigation or experimentation.

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2
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The study of substances in the world around you, the study of matter and how it can be changed.

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3
Q

what is a property?

A

a characteristic of an element

ex: color, hardness, weight, ect.

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4
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that has mass or volume

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5
Q

what is mass?

A

the amount of substance or material in an object

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6
Q

what is volume?

A

the amount of space something takes up

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7
Q

what is a meniscus?

A

the bottoms most point on a graduated cylinder in the center, (when measuring liquids the liquid adheres to the sides of the glass, causing it to curve.)

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8
Q

how to measure mass

A

you weigh it with a scale

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9
Q

how to measure volume of a solid- 2 ways

A

by either multiplying length x width x height, or by measuring the amount of water displaced, by dropping the object into water.
then subtract the original amount of water by the new amount of water to get the volume of the object.

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10
Q

how to measure volume of a liquid

A

filling up a beaker with the substance, and reading the measurement given(liquids).

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11
Q

what is density?

A

the mass of a substance per unit of volume

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12
Q

what is the formula for density?

A

Density= mass/volume

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13
Q

what is an intensive property?/ examples?

A
  • color, hardness, melting point, temp., and density, all depend on the type of matter, not the amount of matter that is present.
  • intensive properties do not change if the quantity of the substance changes.
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14
Q

what is an extensive property?/ examples?

A
  • mass or volume
  • do change depending on the amount of matter
  • can not help identify a type of matter (gold)
  • ex: knowing that the mass of an earring is 3 grams doesn’t help you identify what the earring is made of.
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15
Q

how could you prove that a bar of gold is fake?

A

by finding the density of the ‘fake’ bar of gold, and compare it to the actual density of gold

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16
Q

what is an element?

A

the building materials of all matter

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17
Q

what is a chemical symbol?

A
  • consists on 1 or 2 letters (Au- Gold)

- can be a solid, liquid, gas, or metal, non-metal,

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18
Q

what is a compound?

A
  • different elements that are combined in specific ratio’s

- represented by a chemical formula

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19
Q

what is a chemical formula/ example?

A
  • Ex: Sodium Chloride (Salt) - NaCl

- Tells you that salt is made up of the elements sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl), in a 1:1 ratio.

20
Q

what are the 4 physical forms of matter?

A

Solid (s), Liquid (l), Gas (g), and Aqueous (aq)

21
Q

what is aqueous?

A

a substance that is dissolved in water,

Ex: grape juice, vinegar, ocean water

22
Q

what does a chemical formula show?

A

specifies what elements are present in a compound

23
Q

what is a chemical change/ example

A
  • any change that results in the formation of a new chemical substance
  • elements are not created or destroyed
  • ex: rusting
24
Q

what is a chemical reaction?

A
  • is a physical change
  • mass can not be lost or gained
  • ex: change from solid to liquid
25
Q

what is the law of conservation of mass?

A

-mass can not be created or destroyed

26
Q

what is the point of tracking the copper cycle?

A

to prove that mass is not lost or gained during chemical reactions

27
Q

who was dmitri Mendeleyev?

A
  • russian chemist, organized the elements into the periodic table.
  • ordered the elements into groups based on similarities in their properties
28
Q

what is reactivity?

A

a property that describes how easily an element will combine with other substances to form new compounds.

29
Q

what is atomic mass?

A

the mass of an atom

30
Q

what is the periodic table of the elements?

A

-the table that Mendeleyev created, with the elements that were organized into rows and columns

31
Q

what is an atomic number?

A

the whole number in each square on the periodic table. each atomic number corresponds to a different element

32
Q

what is each column called on the periodic table?

A

groups, or families.

ex: noble gases, halogens, alkali metals

33
Q

what is each horizontal row called on the periodic table?

A

a period, because patters repeat periodically, or over and over again.

34
Q

what are the 3 different sections of the periodic table called?

A
  • Main group (columns 1A-8A)
  • Transition elements (1B-8B)
  • Lanthanides, and Actinides (between column 2 and 3)
35
Q

what are all of the elements on the periodic table found in

A

room temperature conditions

36
Q

what is found along the stair-step line on the periodic table?/ what are they

A

metalloids, have properties of both metals, and non-metals ex: silicon, arsenic

37
Q

where are reactive elements found on the periodic table? / less reactive

A

the bottom left and upper right corners, in the middle the elements are not very reactive.

38
Q

what decreases as you move along the periodic table?

A

the radius

39
Q

what increases as you move across the periodic table?

A

the number of spikes

40
Q

How many sig figs are in the number .00000003

A

1 sig fig

41
Q

How many sig figs are in the number 8.1000

A

5

42
Q

How many sig figs are in the number 501.040

A

6

43
Q

How many sig figs are in the number 3,000,000

A

1 (there is no decimal point)

44
Q

How many sig figs are in the number 900.06

A

5

45
Q

How many sig figs are in the number 10.0

A

3

46
Q

How many sig figs are in the number 5020

A

3

47
Q

What is the formula for percent error?

A

Error/ accepted value X 100%

Chemistry (10 decks)

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