Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards
Observation
The act of viewing the world around us, and allows us to draw tentative explanations called hypotheses
Experimentation
A disciplined and controlled way of asking and answering questions about the world in an unbiased manner
Hypotheses
Propose tentative explanations of what we observe
Variable
Any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types
Test Group
The group that a scientist introduces the variable they are testing
Control Group
The group that has no change to ensure the experiment works as it is supposed to and provides a baseline against which to compare which to compare the results of the test groups
Scientific Inquiry
Asking and Answering Questions in Biology
Theory
A general explanation of the natural phenomena supported by many experiments and observations
Cell
The basic building blocks of all living things
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
A nuclei acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA
Transcription
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
Translation
Synthesis of a polypeptide chain corresponding to the coding sequence present in a molecule of messenger RNA
Central Dogma
The idea that information flows from nucleic acids to proteins, but not in the opposite direction
Prokaryotes
An organism whose cell or cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus; sometimes used to refer collectively to archaeons and bacteria
Eukaryotes
An organism whose cells have a true nucleus
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life, consisting of single-called organisms with a single circular chromosome but no nucleus that divide by binary fission and differ from archaeons in many aspects of their cell and molecular biology
Archaea
One of the three domains of life, consisting of single-celled organisms with a single circular chromosomes and no nucleus that divide by binary fission and differ from bacteria in many aspects of their cell and molecular biology
Eukarya
The eukaryotes; one of the three domains of life, in which cells have a true nucleus and divide by mitosis
Metabolism
The chemical reactions occurring within cells that convert molecules into other molecules and transfer energy in living organisms
Adenosine Triphosphate
The molecule that provides energy in a form that all cells can readily use to perform the work of the cell
