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CSCI > Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Input

A

User entries or activities that tell the computer what to do

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2
Q

Processing

A

The ability of a computer to perform actions

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3
Q

Output

A

Processed results that a computer sends out to the user

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4
Q

Storage

A

The ability of the computer to hold or remember information

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5
Q

Hardware

A

Physical devices that make up the computer

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6
Q

Software

A

One or more programs packaged together for unified purposes

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7
Q

Data

A

Raw materials used to create information

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8
Q

Network

A

Allows users to communicate and share between computers

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9
Q

Cloud Computing

A

stores files in an online account

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10
Q

Social Media

A

refers to a variety of services that allow individuals to share photos, news, and thoughts

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11
Q

Personal Computer

A

the computer you use often and feel most comfortable

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12
Q

Laptop Computers

A

portable computers that contain all components of a desktop computer

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13
Q

Convertible Laptops

A

also known as a 2 in 1 and allows users to swivel or detach the screen

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14
Q

Chromebooks

A

laptops that run on Google chromes operating system and usually contain little storage

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15
Q

Multiuser Computers

A

manage a variety of services for multiple people

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16
Q

Network Server

A

a powerful computer with special software that allows it to function as the primary computer

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17
Q

Mainframe Computers

A

large powerful systems that process large amounts of information

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18
Q

Super Computers

A

largest and most powerful computers often warehouse sized used for large highly complex problems

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19
Q

Embedded systems

A

are limited and placed for a specific purpose

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20
Q

Internet of Things

A

refers to smart devices that can wirelessly connect to networks

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21
Q

Streaming Media Players

A

connect to larger devices to enhance features
Ex: Roku, Amazon Firestick

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22
Q

Home Automation

A

refers to household activities now controlled from a distance
Ex: security, temperature, lights

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23
Q

System Unit

A

main component of a desktop, houses the critical parts (processing and storage)

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24
Q

Drive Bays

A

hold the internal storage devices, typically found in tower based systems

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25
Power Supply
provides power to all parts in the system unit such as plugging a cable into an outlet
26
Cooling Fans
fans in the computer to keep it from overheating
27
Motherboard
largest circuit board in a pc, it contains the plugs to attach other devices
28
Chipsets
act as traffic directors within the motherboard to direct flowing data
29
Expansion Cards
add on circuit boards to improve sound or video performance
30
Ports
the plug or slot for devices to be connected to a larger unit
31
USB Port
most popular and smallest form of a plug
32
Cental Processing Unit
a microprocessor responsible for organizing and carrying out instructions to produce an output that is plugged into the motherboard
33
Cores
processors found in microprocessors Dual core processors work twice as efficient
34
Clock Rate
measures the frequency or speed at which a CPU can process instructions Measured in hertz (one instruction cycle per second) or gigahertz (a billion instruction cycles per second)
35
Memory
a general term for electronic chips that store data and program instructions
36
Ultraportable Computers
light weight but possess strong processing power
37
Random Access Memory
a type of memory that stores work or activities for a temporary amount of time The typical amount of RAM is 8 gigabytes
38
Memory Modules
a set of mounted chips in a small circuit of RAM that is inserted into the motherboard
39
Read Only Memory
a small chip that is changeable and specific to the device
40
Firmware
the instructions on a ROM chip
41
Cache
A form of highspeed memory that stores a small and frequently used instructions or data
42
Virtual Memory
a portion of the hard drive that is used as RAM when the files won't fit in RAM
43
Drives
devices that read, write, and erase data
44
Media
the physical locations where things are stored
45
Bit
represented as 1(on) or 0(off) and are electrical signals
46
Byte
describes a computers storage or memory
47
Kilobyte
1,024 bytes
48
Megabyte
1,000 kilobytes
49
Gigabyte
1,000 megabytes
50
Terabyte
1,000 gigabytes
51
Hard Drive
the primary storage device
52
Tape Drives
use magnetic tape to store data
53
Compact Disc
stores up to 700 MB
54
Digital Versatile Discs
store either 4.7 or 8.5 GB and can store the info on two layers
55
Blu-ray Disc
stores 25 to 50 GB A XL can store over 100 GB
56
-R or +R
means the disc can only be recorded on once
57
-RW or +RW or -RE
indicates the disc can be recorded and erased
58
Burning
the process of recording on a disc
59
USB Flash Drive
small storage stick to plug into a port
60
Memory Cards
are tiny and flat, they store data in tablets and smartphones
61
Solid State Storage
permanent storage in memory chips with no moving parts, it requires less space and energy
62
Solid State Drives
use flash memory and can be internal or external, usually found in ultraportable computers
63
Wireless
To communicate with a computer via bluetooth
64
Ergonomic
a type of keyboard that is designed to be comfortable and reduce wrist strain
65
Gestures
Specific hand movements that produce an action
66
Optical Mouse
most common, has the scroll in the middle and on either side is a clicker
67
Trackball
upside down mouse, you rest your thumb on a scrolling ball and the clicker features are on the other side
68
Graphic Tablets
extra sensitive to touch, largely used by artists
69
Document Scanners
allows for a large amount of documents to be converted to digital docs in a timely manner
70
Optical Character Recognition
translates a document's text into computer text
71
Flatbed Scanner
a glass surface to scan almost any document, many include a document feeder that allows you to do several sheets at a time
72
RFID Scanners
Radio frequency identification, use radio frequencies to read stored data on a RFID tag
73
TV Tuner
captures television signals for user viewing
74
Digital Video Recorders
Record TV shows
75
Biometrics
measurements and patterns in characteristics found in the human body, is typically used for authentication
76
Pixels
millions of tiny dots on a monitor that make up the screen
77
How are monitors measured?
Diagonally
78
Resolution
the number of pixels a monitor can display
79
Aspect Ratio
a ratio of the monitors width to its height
80
Response Time
How long it takes a pixel to change from black to white
81
Contrast Ratio
how long it takes a pixel to go from the blackest black to the whitest white
82
LCD
liquid crystal display, a screen of special crystals that shift when electricity is introduced allowing light to shine through on the screen
83
LED
light emitting diodes, a grid of electronic lights that respond to an electric current
84
Video Card
Determines the quality of the display
85
GPU
graphics processing unit, circuitry that specializes in processing images and videos
86
DVI Connector
The standard cord used to connect to your monitor
87
Sound Card
converts sound to digital form
88
dpi
dots per inch, print resolution measurement
89
ppm
pages per minute, measures printer speed
90
Duplexing
the ability to automatically print both sides of paper
91
Dot Matrix Printers
Creates output by striking an inked ribbon against paper
92
Inkjet Printers
sprays ink thorough tiny nozzles, it has 4 nozzles that are red, yellow, blue, and black
93
Laser Printers
Use a laser pointed at a rotating drum that charges specific areas based on the doc then toner (a powder) then sticks to these areas, next heat and pressure is applied to transfer the image
94
Dye Sublimation
colored eyes are heated and diffused on special paper
95
Thermal Sublimation
applies heat to special thermal paper
96
3D Printers
create 3 dimensional objects with polymers
97
Haptic Feedback
communication through vibration, motion, or physical resistance

CSCI (5 decks)

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