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CSCI > Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Input

A

User entries or activities that tell the computer what to do

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2
Q

Processing

A

The ability of a computer to perform actions

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3
Q

Output

A

Processed results that a computer sends out to the user

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4
Q

Storage

A

The ability of the computer to hold or remember information

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5
Q

Hardware

A

Physical devices that make up the computer

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6
Q

Software

A

One or more programs packaged together for unified purposes

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7
Q

Data

A

Raw materials used to create information

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8
Q

Network

A

Allows users to communicate and share between computers

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9
Q

Cloud Computing

A

stores files in an online account

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10
Q

Social Media

A

refers to a variety of services that allow individuals to share photos, news, and thoughts

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11
Q

Personal Computer

A

the computer you use often and feel most comfortable

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12
Q

Laptop Computers

A

portable computers that contain all components of a desktop computer

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13
Q

Convertible Laptops

A

also known as a 2 in 1 and allows users to swivel or detach the screen

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14
Q

Chromebooks

A

laptops that run on Google chromes operating system and usually contain little storage

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15
Q

Multiuser Computers

A

manage a variety of services for multiple people

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16
Q

Network Server

A

a powerful computer with special software that allows it to function as the primary computer

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17
Q

Mainframe Computers

A

large powerful systems that process large amounts of information

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18
Q

Super Computers

A

largest and most powerful computers often warehouse sized used for large highly complex problems

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19
Q

Embedded systems

A

are limited and placed for a specific purpose

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20
Q

Internet of Things

A

refers to smart devices that can wirelessly connect to networks

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21
Q

Streaming Media Players

A

connect to larger devices to enhance features
Ex: Roku, Amazon Firestick

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22
Q

Home Automation

A

refers to household activities now controlled from a distance
Ex: security, temperature, lights

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23
Q

System Unit

A

main component of a desktop, houses the critical parts (processing and storage)

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24
Q

Drive Bays

A

hold the internal storage devices, typically found in tower based systems

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25
Q

Power Supply

A

provides power to all parts in the system unit such as plugging a cable into an outlet

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26
Q

Cooling Fans

A

fans in the computer to keep it from overheating

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27
Q

Motherboard

A

largest circuit board in a pc, it contains the plugs to attach other devices

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28
Q

Chipsets

A

act as traffic directors within the motherboard to direct flowing data

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29
Q

Expansion Cards

A

add on circuit boards to improve sound or video performance

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30
Q

Ports

A

the plug or slot for devices to be connected to a larger unit

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31
Q

USB Port

A

most popular and smallest form of a plug

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32
Q

Cental Processing Unit

A

a microprocessor responsible for organizing and carrying out instructions to produce an output that is plugged into the motherboard

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33
Q

Cores

A

processors found in microprocessors
Dual core processors work twice as efficient

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34
Q

Clock Rate

A

measures the frequency or speed at which a CPU can process instructions
Measured in hertz (one instruction cycle per second) or gigahertz (a billion instruction cycles per second)

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35
Q

Memory

A

a general term for electronic chips that store data and program instructions

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36
Q

Ultraportable Computers

A

light weight but possess strong processing power

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37
Q

Random Access Memory

A

a type of memory that stores work or activities for a temporary amount of time
The typical amount of RAM is 8 gigabytes

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38
Q

Memory Modules

A

a set of mounted chips in a small circuit of RAM that is inserted into the motherboard

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39
Q

Read Only Memory

A

a small chip that is changeable and specific to the device

40
Q

Firmware

A

the instructions on a ROM chip

41
Q

Cache

A

A form of highspeed memory that stores a small and frequently used instructions or data

42
Q

Virtual Memory

A

a portion of the hard drive that is used as RAM when the files won’t fit in RAM

43
Q

Drives

A

devices that read, write, and erase data

44
Q

Media

A

the physical locations where things are stored

45
Q

Bit

A

represented as 1(on) or 0(off) and are electrical signals

46
Q

Byte

A

describes a computers storage or memory

47
Q

Kilobyte

A

1,024 bytes

48
Q

Megabyte

A

1,000 kilobytes

49
Q

Gigabyte

A

1,000 megabytes

50
Q

Terabyte

A

1,000 gigabytes

51
Q

Hard Drive

A

the primary storage device

52
Q

Tape Drives

A

use magnetic tape to store data

53
Q

Compact Disc

A

stores up to 700 MB

54
Q

Digital Versatile Discs

A

store either 4.7 or 8.5 GB and can store the info on two layers

55
Q

Blu-ray Disc

A

stores 25 to 50 GB
A XL can store over 100 GB

56
Q

-R or +R

A

means the disc can only be recorded on once

57
Q

-RW or +RW or -RE

A

indicates the disc can be recorded and erased

58
Q

Burning

A

the process of recording on a disc

59
Q

USB Flash Drive

A

small storage stick to plug into a port

60
Q

Memory Cards

A

are tiny and flat, they store data in tablets and smartphones

61
Q

Solid State Storage

A

permanent storage in memory chips with no moving parts, it requires less space and energy

62
Q

Solid State Drives

A

use flash memory and can be internal or external, usually found in ultraportable computers

63
Q

Wireless

A

To communicate with a computer via bluetooth

64
Q

Ergonomic

A

a type of keyboard that is designed to be comfortable and reduce wrist strain

65
Q

Gestures

A

Specific hand movements that produce an action

66
Q

Optical Mouse

A

most common, has the scroll in the middle and on either side is a clicker

67
Q

Trackball

A

upside down mouse, you rest your thumb on a scrolling ball and the clicker features are on the other side

68
Q

Graphic Tablets

A

extra sensitive to touch, largely used by artists

69
Q

Document Scanners

A

allows for a large amount of documents to be converted to digital docs in a timely manner

70
Q

Optical Character Recognition

A

translates a document’s text into computer text

71
Q

Flatbed Scanner

A

a glass surface to scan almost any document, many include a document feeder that allows you to do several sheets at a time

72
Q

RFID Scanners

A

Radio frequency identification, use radio frequencies to read stored data on a RFID tag

73
Q

TV Tuner

A

captures television signals for user viewing

74
Q

Digital Video Recorders

A

Record TV shows

75
Q

Biometrics

A

measurements and patterns in characteristics found in the human body, is typically used for authentication

76
Q

Pixels

A

millions of tiny dots on a monitor that make up the screen

77
Q

How are monitors measured?

A

Diagonally

78
Q

Resolution

A

the number of pixels a monitor can display

79
Q

Aspect Ratio

A

a ratio of the monitors width to its height

80
Q

Response Time

A

How long it takes a pixel to change from black to white

81
Q

Contrast Ratio

A

how long it takes a pixel to go from the blackest black to the whitest white

82
Q

LCD

A

liquid crystal display, a screen of special crystals that shift when electricity is introduced allowing light to shine through on the screen

83
Q

LED

A

light emitting diodes, a grid of electronic lights that respond to an electric current

84
Q

Video Card

A

Determines the quality of the display

85
Q

GPU

A

graphics processing unit, circuitry that specializes in processing images and videos

86
Q

DVI Connector

A

The standard cord used to connect to your monitor

87
Q

Sound Card

A

converts sound to digital form

88
Q

dpi

A

dots per inch, print resolution measurement

89
Q

ppm

A

pages per minute, measures printer speed

90
Q

Duplexing

A

the ability to automatically print both sides of paper

91
Q

Dot Matrix Printers

A

Creates output by striking an inked ribbon against paper

92
Q

Inkjet Printers

A

sprays ink thorough tiny nozzles, it has 4 nozzles that are red, yellow, blue, and black

93
Q

Laser Printers

A

Use a laser pointed at a rotating drum that charges specific areas based on the doc then toner (a powder) then sticks to these areas, next heat and pressure is applied to transfer the image

94
Q

Dye Sublimation

A

colored eyes are heated and diffused on special paper

95
Q

Thermal Sublimation

A

applies heat to special thermal paper

96
Q

3D Printers

A

create 3 dimensional objects with polymers

97
Q

Haptic Feedback

A

communication through vibration, motion, or physical resistance

CSCI (5 decks)

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