Chapter 1- Ancient Civilizations

Question 1

What is the difference between a culture and a civilization

Answer 1

Culture- A person’s way of life

Civilization- a structure of people, a group of people and how they develop

Question 2

What are the 5 key traits of a civilization

Answer 2

The five key traits of a civilization are: record keeping, advanced cities, advanced technology, specialized workers, and complex institutions.

Question 3

What are some examples of technology developed in Ancient Mesopotamia

Answer 3

Some examples of technology developed in Mesopotamia include the the wheel, the sail, the plow, and irrigation.

Question 4

What is the difference between polytheists and monotheists

Answer 4

The difference between polytheists and monotheists is polytheists believe in a multitude of different gods and goddesses who each do different jobs and monotheists believe in one divine god that control everything.

Question 5

What was significant about Mesopotamia. Leader? Major cities? Accomplishments

Answer 5

What is significant about Mesopotamia was that they developed a lot of technology to make things better and to overcome their environmental obstacles and they had at one point a very distinct set of rules. Mesopotamia’s leader was Hammurabi and a major city would be Babylonia. Mesopotamia invented the wheel, the plow, irrigation, and the sail.

Question 6

What was significant about Indus River civilizations. Leader? Major cities? Accomplishments

Answer 6

What is significant about the Indus River valley civilizations is that their culture and their environment and how they planned and laid out their cities. Their accomplishments include indoor plumbing, and their written language that is impossible to decipher

Question 7

What was significant about China? Leader? Major cities? Accomplishments

Answer 7

What is significant about the Ancient Chinese civilizations where their accomplishments and their language. Their leaders include the Shang dynast and Xiu dynasty. They accomplished math, blast furnaces, they made money, and roads and canals that were built.

Question 8

What was significant about Egypt ? Leader? Major cities? Accomplishments

Answer 8

What is significant about Egypt was the structures that they built and their religion. Their leaders were pharaohs and Narmer. Their major cities include Memphis. Their contributions include math, the calendar, geometry, pyramids, and the sail.

Question 9

How did China display the 5 key traits

Answer 9

advanced cities- they were a center of trade, they had roads, canals, etc, and had a lot of people, Specialized workers- some people made cast iron things or they made art or pottery, complex institutions- the Chinese had governments- dynasties, and they had religion too, record keeping- their written language was very different from the spoken, Advanced technology- they made roads, canals, blast furnaces, and money

Question 10

How did India display the 5 key traits

Answer 10

India: advanced cities- they had people, buildings, and centers of trade, specialized workers- some people were engineers or plumbers or architects, record keeping- the undecipherable language of the Harappans, advanced technology- plumbing, irrigation.

Question 11

How did Mesopotamia display the 5 key traits

Answer 11

Mesopotamia- advanced cities- had people, buildings, centers of trade. Specialized workers- some people were artists or potters or farmers, priests, complex institutions- they had a theocratic religion and government, record keeping- cuneiform, advanced technology- wheel, sail, plow, irrigation

Question 12

How did Egypt display the 5 key traits

Answer 12

Egypt: advanced cities- they had people, buildings, centers of trade, specialized workers- farmers, potters, engineers, pharaohs, record keeping- hieroglyphs, complex institutions- they had a monarchy and a theocratic religion, advanced technology- sail, irrigation.

Question 13

How did geography influence each civilization

Answer 13

Geography influenced each civilization by providing or not providing resources so the civilizations had to trade what they had for what they didn’t have. The rivers that they lived by would provide good soil, but flood and destroy crops or not flood enough to water crops. Geography would also influence if that civilization was isolated or if they were attacked often

Question 14

Prehistory-

Answer 14

The time before the invention of writing.

Question 15

Civilization-

Answer 15

A complex structure with advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.

Question 16

Culture-

Answer 16

A peoples unique way of life. Includes common practices of a society , its shared understandings, and its social organization

Question 17

Fossil-

Answer 17

Evidence of early life preserved in rocks (like teeth, skulls, bones, etc)

Question 18

Artifact-

Answer 18

Human-made objects, such as tools and jewelry. Hint at how people dressed, what work they did, or how they worshipped.

Question 19

Archaeologist-

Answer 19

Specially trained scientists who work like detectives to uncover the story of prehistoric peoples by digging up remains

Question 20

Anthropologist-

Answer 20

Scientists that study culture. Study artifacts and recreate the people’s culture

Question 21

Hominid-

Answer 21

Humans and other creature that walk upright, such as australopithecines

Question 22

Location-

Answer 22

Absolute- longitude and latitude, the specific points, the exact location. Relative- When you talk about a place relative to another place. Canada is north of the US

Question 23

Place-

Answer 23

What an area looks like in physical and human terms

Question 24

Region-

Answer 24

Any area with similar characteristics like physical factors like land forms or climate, or culture like language or religion.

Question 25

Human-Environment Interaction-

Answer 25

How humans adapt to or change the environment around them. Hoover Dam.

Question 26

Movement-

Answer 26

Transfer of people, goods, and ideas from one place to another.

Question 27

Advanced cities-

Answer 27

had people, buildings, centers of trade. Ur was and advanced city. LZ is an advanced city

Question 28

Specialized workers-

Answer 28

Traded goods for services. Specialization- development of skills in a specific kind of work. Artisans, metallurgy, potters, builders, engineers

Question 29

Complex institutions-

Answer 29

Long lasting pattern of organization in a community. Religion, government, education.

Question 30

Record keeping-

Answer 30

Writing things down like history and stuff. Writing from 5000 years ago like Cuneiform symbols

Question 31

Advanced technology-

Answer 31

Important technological advancements that made life easier or better for the people. Wheel, sail, irrigation, bronze, plow

Question 32

Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates river

Answer 32

Rivers framing Mesopotamia. Flood Mesopotamia often and leaves behind fertile silt when it does. Mesopotamians used these rivers to grow crops and survive and grow.

Question 33

Mesopotamia Sumerians-

Answer 33

Challenges and solutions- Environment challenges included unpredictable flooding with periods of little to no rain and the land becoming almost desert like, no natural protection barriers, limited natural resources. Solutions to these problems included: Digging irrigation ditches to provide water to their fields during the dry periods, city walls with mud bricks were built for defense, and Sumerians traded their grain, crops, and tools with mountain and desert people to get the natural materials that they lacked

Question 34

Mesopotamia Contributions-

Answer 34

The wheel, sail, plow, maybe bronze, math and geometry, architectural innovations, cuneiform.

Question 35

Mesopotamia Babylonians-

Answer 35

Amorites invaded Mesopotamia and made their capital be Babylon.

Question 36

Mesopotamia Hammurabi-

Answer 36

Reigned from 1792 Bc to 1750BC. Babylonian leader. Babylon reached peak with him. Made Hammurabi’s code.

Question 37

Mesopotamia Hammurabi’s code-

Answer 37

A single, uniform code of laws that helped unify his empire. Composed of existing rules, judgements, and laws and they were engraved in stone. Copies were placed all over his empire.

Question 38

Mesopotamia Dynasty-

Answer 38

A series of rulers from a single family.

Question 39

Mesopotamia City-state-

Answer 39

Each city and the land surrounding it. Sumerians had city-states. Functioned as independent as a country today

Question 40

Mesopotamia Ziggurat-

Answer 40

A place of worship and the city hall. In the middle of the city state. Priests managed the irrigation system from the ziggurat.

Question 41

Mesopotamia Empire-

Answer 41

Brings together several peoples, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.

Question 42

Egypt Nile River-

Answer 42

Predictable yearly flooding. Left behind silt or black mud that was fertile that the Egyptians planted their crops with. Egypt was the “gift of the Nile”. Nile was very important for food production and for sustaining life.

Question 43

Egypt Deserts-

Answer 43

Acted as natural barriers that divided Egypt from other lands. Forced Egyptians to live on a small portion of land with reduced interaction with other peoples. Deserts are large areas of dry land that get get little to no rain or water.

Question 44

Egypt Narmer-

Answer 44

A king of Egypt who most likely united the Upper and Lower kingdoms of Egypt. Wore the double crown. Egypt was possibly united around 3000BC. Settled the capital, Memphis and established the first Egyptian dynasty

Question 45

Egypt Pharaohs-

Answer 45

Egyptians god-kings that were thought to be almost as splendid and powerful as the gods of the heavens

Question 46

Egypt Theocracy-

Answer 46

Type of government where rule is based on religious authority. Egypt was a theocracy.

Question 47

Egypt Hieroglyphs-

Answer 47

Pictograph writing used by the Egyptians. Means “sacred carving”. Early hieroglyphs- picture stood for idea. System changed so that pictures stood for sounds too and hieroglyphs could almost be used like the Alphabet.

Question 48

Egypt Papyrus-

Answer 48

Surface that the Egyptians used to write on. They used to write on clay, but now they write on pressed papyrus reeds that are paper-like

Question 49

Egypt Lower Egypt-

Answer 49

Elevation is lower in the north of Egypt, so the North of Egypt is called Upper Egypt. Includes the Nile delta ( a delta is a broad, marshy, triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the river) region that begins before the river enters the Mediterranean. Different ruling system than upper Egypt until Narmer.

Question 50

Egypt Upper Egypt-

Answer 50

Elevation is higher on the south of Egypt, so the south of Egypt is called Upper Egypt. Strip of land from First Cataract (first rapid) to the point where the river starts to split out. Nile river was a system of transportation between the two kingdoms. Under separate rule to Lower egypt until Narmer.

Question 51

Egypt Memphis-

Answer 51

the Capital of Egypt that Narmer established. Near the spot where Upper and Lower Egypt met. Narmer made his dynasty there.

Question 52

India Indus and Ganges Rivers

Answer 52

Forms large flat and fertile plain. Both rivers are important link from the interior of the subcontinent to the sea and farming is possible only in the areas directly watered by the Indus. River carries water for irrigation and silt.

Question 53

India Himalaya Mountains

Answer 53

A wall of the tallest mountains in the world. Separated India civilizations from the rest of the Asian continent.

Question 54

India Monsoons-

Answer 54

Seasonal winds that dominate India’s climate. Winter monsoons from the northeast blow dry air westward across the country and the summer monsoons blow eastward from southwest, carrying moisture from the ocean in great rain clouds. Monsoons bring so much moisture that flooding happens and with undeveloped summer monsoons, the crops with fail.

Question 55

China Yellow and Yangtze Rivers-

Answer 55

Yellow river is in the North and Yangtze goes from central China to the Yellow sea. Yellow river deposited large amounts of Yellow silt when it overflows it’s banks. Silt is fertile soil called loess that is blown by the winds from deserts to the west and north.

Question 56

China Deserts-

Answer 56

The Taklimakan in the west and the Gobi desert in the North. Geographic features didn’t completely protect China from outsiders and they were invaded from the west and north frequently.

Question 57

China Himalaya Mountains-

Answer 57

To the southwest of China.

Question 58

China Dynasty-

Answer 58

Xia dynasty who had a leader named Yu. Yu was an engineer and mathematician and his flood control and irrigation projects helped tame the Yellow River so that settlements could grow. Shang dynasty ruled from 1700 BC to 1027 who build elaborate palaces and tombs and were the first Chinese rulers to leave behind written records.

Question 59

China Writing-

Answer 59

Each character stands for one symbol or unit of language. Practically no links between China’s spoken and written language. Written language all over China was uniform so even if they spoke a different language, they could still read it. Written Chinese language helped unify a large and diverse land and helped make control much easier. Many characters in Chinese language to memorize to be able to be literate which limited the number of literate, educated Chinese.

Question 60

China Advances-

Answer 60

Roads and canals were built to stimulate trade and agriculture. Coined money was introduced, which further improved trade. Blast furnaces produced cast iron.