Chapter 1- Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What are tendons
Very strong, non- elastic cords that join muscle to bone.
What are ligaments
Bands of elastic fibre that attach bone to bone, keeping the joints stable by restricting movement.
What is cartilage
A tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer bones, preventing bones rubbing together and causing friction
Where in the body are ball and socket joints.
The shoulder joint and the knee joint
Where in the body are hinge joints
In the elbow and the ankle
What can hinge joints allow to do
They can only move in one direction, enabling flexion and extension
If you throw a cricket ball what happens at the shoulder joint
Rotation happens at the shoulder joint
When you are swimming, what happens at the shoulder joint
Adductions and abduction happens at the shoulder joint when you breaststroke
What is plantar flexion
Movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint
What is dorsi flexion
Movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decrease the angle at the ankle joint
What is the prime mover or agonist.
The muscle or group of muscles that contract to create movement. The prime mover works in an antagonist pair with the antagonist
What is isotonic contractions
These occur when the muscle changes in length when it contracts, and they result in limb movement.
What is isometric contractions
These occur when the muscle stays the same length. There is no actual movement of either the limb or the joint because the muscles are working to keep the joint stationary
What is gaseous exchange
The process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli
