Chapter 1: AnaPhy & Homeostasis

Question 1

what is something that provokes a particular response ?

Answer 1

stimuli

Question 2

it is a scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.

Answer 2

anatomy

Question 3

to cut apart or open

Answer 3

anatomy

Question 4

study of the organization of the body by area

Answer 4

regional anatomy

Question 5

study of the body by systems

Answer 5

systemic anatomy

Question 6

two ways to examine a living human

Answer 6

anatomical imaging and surface anatomy

Question 7

anatomical imaging

Answer 7

involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound, and MRI

Question 8

surface anatomy

Answer 8

study of the external features such as bony projections

Question 9

it deals with the processes or functions of living things

Answer 9

physiology

Question 10

True or False: one of the goal of physiology is to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

True or False: one of the goals of physiology is to complicate how the body maintains internal conditions within a narrow range of continually changing internal and external environment.

Answer 11

false - physiology does not aim to complicate, instead it aims to make people understand how the body works.

Question 12

two types of physiology

Answer 12

human physiology and cellular/systemic physiology

Question 13

what is a human physiology?

Answer 13

study of the a specific organism (human)

Question 14

the study of subdivisions that emphasize specific organizational levels

Answer 14

cellular and systemic physiology

Question 15

what organizational level is this: atoms combine to form moleucules.

Answer 15

chemical level

Question 16

what organizational level is this: molecules form organelles that make up some cells

Answer 16

cell level

Question 17

what organizational level is this: group of similar cells

Answer 17

tissue level

Question 18

what organizational level is this: composed of two or more tissue that perform a common function

Answer 18

organ level

Question 19

what organizational level is this: composed of organs that helps each other

Answer 19

organ system level

Question 20

what organizational level is this: organ systems that make up an organism

Answer 20

organism level

Question 21

what characteristic of life: the specific relationship of the individual parts of an organism

Answer 21

organization

Question 22

what will happen if the organized state of an organism is disrupted?

Answer 22

death/loss of function

Question 23

what characteristic of life: ability to use energy to perform vital functions.

Answer 23

metabolism

Question 24

what characteristic of life: ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments that help maintain its life.

Answer 24

responsiveness

Question 25

what characteristic of life: an increase in size of all or part of an organism (e.g. increase in cell number/size, amount of substance surrounding the cell)

Answer 25

growth

Question 26

what characteristic of life: includes the changes an organism undergoes through time (involves growth and differentiation)

Answer 26

development

Question 27

it is the change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

Answer 27

differentiation

Question 28

formation of new cells or new organisms

Answer 28

reproduction

Question 29

homeostasis etymology

Answer 29

homeo - same | stasis - to stop

Question 30

it is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite what's happening outside the body.

Answer 30

homeostasis

Question 31

what is variables?

Answer 31

conditions that changes values which can affect the homeostasis (e.g. temperature, volume, chemical content)

Question 32

it is governed by the nervous system or the endocrine

Answer 32

homeostatic mechanisms

Question 33

maintain body temperature near an average value. what is the other term for the average value?

Answer 33

set point; normal range

Question 34

any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted in this mechanism.

Answer 34

negative feedback

Question 35

why is body temperature important to our body?

Answer 35

body temperature allows the molecules and enzymes to keep their normal shape so they can function optimally.

Question 36

what will happen if the body temperature is too low or too high?

Answer 36

the molecules and enzymes cannot functional optimally thus they will be destroyed.

Question 37

what are the 3 components of homeostasis?

Answer 37

receptor, control center, and effector

Question 38

what component of homeostasis: it monitors the value of a variable by detecting stimuli.

Answer 38

receptor

Question 39

what component of homeostasis: it analyzes the information it receives and determines the response

Answer 39

control center

Question 40

what component of homeostasis: it receives the output and produce a response

Answer 40

effector

Question 41

it is the changed variable which initiates a homeostatic mechanism

Answer 41

stimulus

Question 42

explain what happens to the body if there's an elevated temperature.

Answer 42

1) thermoreceptors from skin and hypothalamus from the brain detect the high temperature and send the info to the hypothalamus (control center). 2) the hypothalumus stimulates blood vessels in the skin to relax and sweat glands to produce sweat which sends more blood to the body's surface.

Question 43

true or false: once the body temperature enters the normal state, the control center signals the sweat glands to increase sweat production.

Answer 43

false

Question 44

explain what happens to the body if temperature drops.

Answer 44

1) skin blood vessels constrict more than normal and blood is directed to deeper regions of the body. 2) hypothalamus stimulates shivering which generates heat

Question 45

this mechanism occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response.

Answer 45

positive feedback

Question 46

explain how positive feedback works in birth

Answer 46

1) uterus is stretched by the baby's large size 2) stretching stimulates contractions of uterine muscles which pushes the baby against the opening of the uterus 3) the cycle continues until the baby is out; the uterus is stretched, then there will be contractions then stretching, then contractions.