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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 1: AnaPhy & Homeostasis > Flashcards

Chapter 1: AnaPhy & Homeostasis Flashcards

- - anatomy - physiology - structural & functional organization - characteristics of life - homeostasis

1
Q

what is something that provokes a particular response ?

A

stimuli

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2
Q

it is a scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.

A

anatomy

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3
Q

to cut apart or open

A

anatomy

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4
Q

study of the organization of the body by area

A

regional anatomy

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5
Q

study of the body by systems

A

systemic anatomy

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6
Q

two ways to examine a living human

A

anatomical imaging and surface anatomy

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7
Q

anatomical imaging

A

involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound, and MRI

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8
Q

surface anatomy

A

study of the external features such as bony projections

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9
Q

it deals with the processes or functions of living things

A

physiology

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10
Q

True or False: one of the goal of physiology is to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli.

A

true

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11
Q

True or False: one of the goals of physiology is to complicate how the body maintains internal conditions within a narrow range of continually changing internal and external environment.

A

false - physiology does not aim to complicate, instead it aims to make people understand how the body works.

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12
Q

two types of physiology

A

human physiology and cellular/systemic physiology

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13
Q

what is a human physiology?

A

study of the a specific organism (human)

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14
Q

the study of subdivisions that emphasize specific organizational levels

A

cellular and systemic physiology

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15
Q

what organizational level is this: atoms combine to form moleucules.

A

chemical level

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16
Q

what organizational level is this: molecules form organelles that make up some cells

A

cell level

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17
Q

what organizational level is this: group of similar cells

A

tissue level

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18
Q

what organizational level is this: composed of two or more tissue that perform a common function

A

organ level

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19
Q

what organizational level is this: composed of organs that helps each other

A

organ system level

20
Q

what organizational level is this: organ systems that make up an organism

A

organism level

21
Q

what characteristic of life: the specific relationship of the individual parts of an organism

A

organization

22
Q

what will happen if the organized state of an organism is disrupted?

A

death/loss of function

23
Q

what characteristic of life: ability to use energy to perform vital functions.

A

metabolism

24
Q

what characteristic of life: ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments that help maintain its life.

A

responsiveness

25
Q

what characteristic of life: an increase in size of all or part of an organism (e.g. increase in cell number/size, amount of substance surrounding the cell)

A

growth

26
Q

what characteristic of life: includes the changes an organism undergoes through time (involves growth and differentiation)

A

development

27
Q

it is the change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

A

differentiation

28
Q

formation of new cells or new organisms

A

reproduction

29
Q

homeostasis etymology

A

homeo - same

stasis - to stop

30
Q

it is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite what’s happening outside the body.

A

homeostasis

31
Q

what is variables?

A

conditions that changes values which can affect the homeostasis (e.g. temperature, volume, chemical content)

32
Q

it is governed by the nervous system or the endocrine

A

homeostatic mechanisms

33
Q

maintain body temperature near an average value. what is the other term for the average value?

A

set point; normal range

34
Q

any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted in this mechanism.

A

negative feedback

35
Q

why is body temperature important to our body?

A

body temperature allows the molecules and enzymes to keep their normal shape so they can function optimally.

36
Q

what will happen if the body temperature is too low or too high?

A

the molecules and enzymes cannot functional optimally thus they will be destroyed.

37
Q

what are the 3 components of homeostasis?

A

receptor, control center, and effector

38
Q

what component of homeostasis: it monitors the value of a variable by detecting stimuli.

A

receptor

39
Q

what component of homeostasis: it analyzes the information it receives and determines the response

A

control center

40
Q

what component of homeostasis: it receives the output and produce a response

A

effector

41
Q

it is the changed variable which initiates a homeostatic mechanism

A

stimulus

42
Q

explain what happens to the body if there’s an elevated temperature.

A

1) thermoreceptors from skin and hypothalamus from the brain detect the high temperature and send the info to the hypothalamus (control center).
2) the hypothalumus stimulates blood vessels in the skin to relax and sweat glands to produce sweat which sends more blood to the body’s surface.

43
Q

true or false: once the body temperature enters the normal state, the control center signals the sweat glands to increase sweat production.

A

false

44
Q

explain what happens to the body if temperature drops.

A

1) skin blood vessels constrict more than normal and blood is directed to deeper regions of the body.
2) hypothalamus stimulates shivering which generates heat

45
Q

this mechanism occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response.

A

positive feedback

46
Q

explain how positive feedback works in birth

A

1) uterus is stretched by the baby’s large size
2) stretching stimulates contractions of uterine muscles which pushes the baby against the opening of the uterus
3) the cycle continues until the baby is out; the uterus is stretched, then there will be contractions then stretching, then contractions.

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (4 decks)

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