Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Physiology > Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of function at many levels

-subdivisions are based on organ systems
(EX: renal or cardiovascular physiology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the essential tools for the study of physiology?

A

-Ability to focus at many levels (systemic to cellular and molecular)

-Basic physical principals
(EX: electrical currents, pressure, and movement)

-Basic chemical principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the levels of structural organization?

(HINT: C.C.T.O.O.O)

A

-Chemical: atoms and molecules

-Cellular: cells and their organelles

-Tissue: groups of similar cells

-Organ: contains two or more types of tissues

-Organ system: organs that work closely together

-Organismal: all organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the integumentary system

A

-Encloses internal body structures
-Site of many sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the skeletal system

A

-Supports the body
-Enables movement (with muscular system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the muscular system

A

-Enables movement (with skeletal system)
-Helps maintain body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the nervous system

A

-Detects and processes sensory information
-Activates bodily responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the endocrine system

A

-Secretes hormones
-Regulates bodily processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the cardiovascular system

A

-Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
-Equalizes temperature in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the lymphatic system

A

-Returns fluid to blood
-Defends against pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the respiratory system

A

-Removes carbon dioxide from the body
-Delivers oxygen to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the digestive system

A

-Processes food for use by the body
-Removes wastes from undigested food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the urinary system

A

-Controls water balance in the body
-Removes wastes from blood and excretes them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the male reproductive system

A

-Produces sex hormones and gametes
-Delivers gametes to female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the female reproductive system

A

-Produces sex hormones and gametes
-Supports embryo/ fetus until birth
-Produces milk for infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the 11 organ systems

(HINT: I.S.M.N.E.C.L.R.D.U.R)

A

-Integumentary
-Skeletal
-Muscular
-Nervous
-Endocrine
-Cardiovascular
-Lymphatic
-Respiratory
-Digestive
-Urinary
-Reproductive

17
Q

What are the functions of human life-metabolism

A

-ANABOLISM: the process whereby smaller, simpler molecules are combined into smaller, more complex substances

-CATABOLISM: the process by which larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules. (catabolism releases energy)

18
Q

What is responsiveness

A

The ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments

19
Q

What are the 5 requirements for human life

A

1.NUTRIENTS
-chemicals for energy and cell building
-carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins

2.OXYGEN
-essential for energy release (ATP production)

3.WATER
-most abundant chemical in the body
-site of chemical reactions

4.NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE
-affects rate of chemical reactions

5.APPROPRIATE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
-for adequate breathing and gas exchange in the lungs

20
Q

What is homeostasis

A

-Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous outside changes

-A dynamic state of equilibrium

21
Q

What are homeostatic control mechanisms

A

-involve continuous monitoring and regulation of many factors (variables)

-nervous and endocrine systems accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormones

22
Q

What happens if there is a disturbance of homeostasis

A

-increase risk of disease

-contributes to changes associated with aging

-may allow destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over (EX: heart failure)

23
Q

What are the 3 basic components in a negative feedback system

A
  1. A SENSOR/RECEPTOR: monitors a physiological value
  2. The CONTROL CENTER: compares the value to the normal range
  3. The EFFECTOR: causes change to reverse the situation and return the value to the normal range
24
Q

Describe positive feedback

A

-intensifies a change in the body’s physiological

-a deviation from the normal range results in more change, and the system moves farther away from the normal range

-normal only when there is a definite end point

-childbirth and the body’s response to blood loss are two examples of positive feedback loops that are normal but are activated only when needed

25
Q

What is x-ray

A

A form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases

26
Q

What is computed tomography (CT)

A

A noninvasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyzing several cross-sectional x-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in the body

27
Q

Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the growth and development of a fetus?
A. Ultrasonography
B. MRI
C.X-ray
D. PET
E. CT

A

A ultrasonography

28
Q

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting about 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________.
A. protein
B. oxygen
C. hydrogen
D. water

A

D. water

29
Q

Which of the following is a logical organization
A. Molecules, atoms, cells, tissues
B. Atoms, cells, molecules, tissues
C. Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues
D. Atoms, tissues, molecules, cells

A

C. Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues

30
Q

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?
A. cardiovascular physiology
B. systemic physiology
C. systemic anatomy
D. cardiovascular anatomy
E. vascular physiology

A

A. cardiovascular physiology

31
Q

Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances
A. cardiovascular
B. endocrine
C. immune
D. lymphatic

A

C. immune

Human Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions