Chapter 1 - An Introduction To Sociology

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

Scientific and systematic study of groups and group interactions, societies and social interactions from small and personal groups to very large groups.

Question 2

Society

Answer 2

A group of people who live in a defined geographic area, who interact with one another, and who share a common culture.

Question 3

Micro-level

Answer 3

Study of small groups and individuals interaction.

Question 4

Macro-level

Answer 4

Study at trends among and between large groups and societies.

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

The group’s shared practices, values, and beliefs.

Question 6

Sociological imagination

Answer 6

An awareness of the relationship between a person’s behavior and experience and the wider culture that shaped the person’s choices and perceptions.

Question 7

Reification

Answer 7

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence

Question 8

Social facts

Answer 8

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and cultural rules that gou social lite - that may contribute to these changes in the family

Question 9

Figuration

Answer 9

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior

Question 10

Quantitative sociology

Answer 10

An approach that uses stastical methods such as surveys large with numbers of participants where researchers uses statistical techniques to uncover patternsf human behavior

Question 11

Qualitative sociology

Answer 11

Seeks to understand human behavior by learning through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and analysis of content sources (books, magazines, journals, and pop-media)

Question 12

Hypothesis

Answer 12

A testable proposition

Question 13

Paradigms

Answer 13

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

Question 14

The 3 Paradigms

Answer 14

1. Structural Functionality/Functionalism (Macro/mid) - The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the functioning of the whole
2. Conflict Theory (Macro) - The way inequities and inequalities contribute to social, political, and power differences and how they perpetuate power

3.Symbolic Interactionism (Micro) - The way 1-on-1 interactions and communications behave

Question 15

Social solidarity

Answer 15

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, religion

Question 16

Positivism

Answer 16

The scientific study of social patterns

Question 17

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 17

A stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly

Question 18

Social institutions

Answer 18

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meet social needs

Question 19

Function

Answer 19

The part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to structural continuity

Question 20

Theory

Answer 20

A proposed explanation about social interactions or society

Question 21

Verstehen

Answer 21

A German word that means -to understand in a deep way

Question 22

Manifest functions

Answer 22

Sought consequences a social process

Question 23

Latent functions

Answer 23

The unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process

Question 24

Dysfunctional

Answer 24

Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Question 25

Antipositivism

Answer 25

The view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes,cultural norms, and societal values

Question 26

Conflict theory

Answer 26

A theory that looks at societyas a competition for limited resources

Question 27

Dramaturgical analysis

Answer 27

A technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphors of theatrical performance

Question 28

Constructivism

Answer 28

An extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be

Question 29

Generalized others

Answer 29

The organized and generalized attitude of a social group

Question 30

Grand theories

Answer 30

An attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change

Question 31

Significant others

Answer 31

Specific individuals that impact a person’s life