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History 121 > Chapter 1: Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492 > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492 Flashcards

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1
Q

Beringia

A

Land mass that connected Asia and North America

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2
Q

Olmec

A

First/earliest civilization in Mesoamerica

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3
Q

Important crop in Mesoamerica

A

Corn/maize

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4
Q

Distinctive sculptures created by the Olmec civilization

A

Giant head structures

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5
Q

Civilization known for architecture and mathematics

A

Maya

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6
Q

Impressive structures built by the Maya civilizations

A

Pyramid of Sun and Moon

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7
Q

Mayan city with unique architectural features

A

Chicken Itza

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8
Q

Codex

A

Mayan written record

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9
Q

Civilization with Tenochtitlan as its capital

A

Aztec

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10
Q

Aztec capital, modern-day Mexico City

A

Tenochtitlan

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11
Q

Lake surrounding Tenochtitlan

A

Lake Texcoco

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12
Q

Chinampas

A

Floating gardens used for farming by the Aztecs

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13
Q

Distinct social classes in Aztec society

A

Warrior and priest class

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14
Q

Civilization in South America, known for its road system

A

Inca

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15
Q

Mountain range in Peru where the Inca civilization thrived

A

Andes Mountain

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16
Q

Due to the mountainous terrain, the Inca relied on - (people who ran) instead

A

Chasquis

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17
Q

Instead of a writing system, the Inca used-

A

Quipu

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18
Q

Labor system in the Inca empire

A

Mita

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19
Q

Famous Inca city in the mountains of Peru

A

Machu Picchu

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20
Q

Diverse and dispersed indigenous groups in North America

A

North American Indians

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21
Q

Architecture used by indigenous groups in the Southwest

A

Permanent stone/mud buildings

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22
Q

Irrigation

A

Method of supplying water to crops

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23
Q

Architecture used by indigenous groups in the Ohio Valley

A

Branch/mud buildings

24
Q

Most populated pre-Columbian city in North America, known for trade

A

Cahokia

25
Q

Social system where women have political influence

A

Matriarchy

26
Q

Event that led to the decline of central political control

A

Fall of the Roman Empire

27
Q

Pandemic that caused the death of a third of Europeans

A

Black Death

28
Q

Feudal society

A

Social system based on land ownership and loyalty

29
Q

Fortified structures that offered protection

A

Castles/manor

30
Q

Distinct social classes in feudal society

A

Lords/knights/serfs

31
Q

Farmers tied to the land with a low standard of living

A

Serfdom

32
Q

Important crop in feudal society

A

Wheat

33
Q

Branch of Christianity centered around the Patriarch of Constantinople

A

Eastern Christianity

34
Q

Branch of Christianity centered around the Pope of Rome

A

Western Christianity

35
Q

Battle to stop the spread of Islam in Europe

A

Battle of Tours

36
Q

Effort to retake Spain from Muslim rule

A

Reconquista

37
Q

Series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims

A

The Crusades

38
Q

Region including Spain and Portugal

A

Iberian Peninsula

39
Q

Leif Ericson

A

Explorer who established a temporary settlement in Eastern Canada

40
Q

Prince Henry the navigator

A

Portuguese prince who funded overseas exploration

41
Q

Country ruled by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand

A

Spain

42
Q

Religious court in Spain

A

Inquisition

43
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Explorer who sailed west to Asia

44
Q

Islands where Columbus first landed in the Americas

A

Bahamas

45
Q

Region where Islam spread before Christianity

A

West Africa

46
Q

Polygyny

A

Practice of having more than one wife

47
Q

Empire known for gold and salt trade

A

Ghana Empire

48
Q

Arabs and Berbers

A

Nomads in North Africa who traded with the Ghana Empire

49
Q

Empire ruled by Mansa Musa, known for its wealth

A

Mali Empire

50
Q

Hajj

A

Holy pilgrimage to Mecca

51
Q

City of Islamic scholarship in the Mali Empire

A

Timbuktu

52
Q

Empire that emerged after the Mali Empire

A

Songhay Empire

53
Q

Treating people as property, as seen in the Americas

A

Chattel slavery

54
Q

European country that started trading African slaves

A

Portugal

55
Q

Crop that brought African slavery to the Americas

A

Sugar

56
Q

Factor leading to the death of many indigenous people in the Americas

A

Disease

57
Q

Religion brought to the Americas by European colonizers

A

Christianity

History 121 (2 decks)

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