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Chapter 5: Bacteriology, Sanitation & Sterilization > Chapter 1 A & P Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 A & P Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system

A

The skin and it’s accessory organs, such as the sebaceous and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails

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2
Q

Pilosebaceous unit

A

The entire hair appendage, including the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle

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3
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A

The lower level of the epidermis where cell division occurs (mitosis)

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

The tissue that forms a thin protective layer on bodily surfaces

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5
Q

Connective tissue

A

Fibrous tissue that binds protects cushions and supports the various parts of the body

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

The thin, outermost layer of the skin

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7
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Layers of tissue that lack blood vessels; acts as a surface barrier

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8
Q

Keratin

A

A protein found in the skin that helps guard against invasion

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9
Q

Keratinization

A

The change of living cells to dead ones

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10
Q

Horny zone

A

The outermost portion of the epidermis

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11
Q

Germinal zone

A

The layer of skin where cells divide

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12
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Outermost layer of dead skin cells

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13
Q

Sebum

A

Fatty or oil section of the sebaceous gland that lubricates the hair and skin

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14
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Clear; transparent layer of the epidermis; found under the stratum corneum

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15
Q

Eleidin

A

Clear, lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute keratohyalin granules in the protoplasm of living cells

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16
Q

Keratohyalin granules

A

Granules found in living cells that contribute to the keratin content of dead, cornified cells

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17
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

The granular layer of skin found at the bottom of the horny zone

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18
Q

Basal zone

A

Live layer of dividing cells that continuously change and pushed upward

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19
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

The superior layer of the stratum germinativum; named for its shape and spiny, thorn like protrusions; also known as the prickle cell layer

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20
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single cell layer that is the deepest layer of the epidermis

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21
Q

Mitosis

A

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells

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22
Q

Desquamation

A

The act of exfoliating dead skin cells

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23
Q

Melanocytes

A

Melanin forming cells

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24
Q

Amino acid

A

Units of structure in protein that help breakdown simple sugars and fats

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25
Q

Tyrosine

A

An amino acid present in melanocytes

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26
Q

Melanin

A

Grains of pigment that give hair and skin its color

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27
Q

Stratum Mucosum

A

Single cell layer of the epidermis; found above the stratum germinativum

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28
Q

Malpighian

A

A single layer made of the stratum mucosum and the stratum germinativum

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29
Q

Dermis

A

Underlying or inner layer of the skin

30
Q

Papillary layer

A

The most superficial layer of the dermis

31
Q

Reticular layer

A

A deep layer of the dermis; composed of dense bundles of collagen fibers; contains vessels, glance, nerve, endings, and follicles

32
Q

Dermal papilla

A

Small cone shaped indentation at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb; also called the hair papilla

33
Q

Collegenous

A

Fiber made of proteins that gives skin its form and strength

34
Q

Papillae

A

Cone shaped, finger like projections that protrude into the epidermidis

35
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Nerve endings in the skin that are sensitive to touch

36
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

The fatty layer beneath the dermis that gives the body smoothness and contour; contains fat as an energy source and acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin; also cold, adipose or subcutis tissue

37
Q

Lymph

A

Colorless, watery fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system; similar in composition to blood plasma

38
Q

Apocrine

A

Glands in the axillae and groin that secrete sweat and substances that produce body odor when contaminated with bacteria

39
Q

Axillae

A

Underarms

40
Q

Pheromones

A

Chemicals produced by humans and other animals, that one secreted influence other members of the same species

41
Q

Eccrine

A

Glands throughout the skin that excrete mainly water and salt

42
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles

43
Q

Pacinian’s corpuscles

A

Nerve endings found deep in the skin that are receptive to pressure

44
Q

Terminal hair

A

Hair found on the scalp, arms, legs, axillae, and pubic area post puberty

45
Q

Arrector pili

A

An appendage that is attached to the dermal papilla and to the hair shaft

46
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Connective tissue, in animal bodies that contains fat

47
Q

Follicular canal

A

The depression in the skin the houses the entire pilosebaceous unit

48
Q

External root sheath

A

The inner side of the follicular canal, which is made of horny epidermal tissue

49
Q

Hair matrix

A

The germinating center of the hair follicle where mitotic activity occurs

50
Q

Hair follicle bulb

A

The bulbous base of the hair follicle that houses the dermal papilla

51
Q

Internal root sheath

A

The innermost layer of the hair follicle, closest to the hair

52
Q

Cuticle

A

The outer most layer of hair consisting of one overlapping layer of transparent, scale like cells

53
Q

Cortex

A

The middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin

54
Q

Medulla

A

The innermost layer of hair; composed of round cells; often absent in fine hair

55
Q

Lanugo

A

Soft downy hair present on fetuses, in utero, and infants at birth

56
Q

Vellus

A

Fine short hair with no pigment found mainly on women’s faces; Peachfuzz

57
Q

Anagen

A

The growth phase in the hair cycle in which a new hair is synthesized

58
Q

Catagen

A

The transition stage of the hair growth cycle; the period between the growth and resting phases

59
Q

Telogen

A

The resting phase of the hair follicle in its growth cycle

60
Q

Club hair

A

Hair that has lost its root structure, and that when shed from the follicle exhibits a round shape

61
Q

Excretion

A

The act of discharging waste matter from tissues or organs

62
Q

Secretion

A

The process of producing and discharging substances from glands

63
Q

Absorption

A

The uptake of one substance into another

64
Q

Acid mantle

A

Bacteria, killing layer made of sweat and lipids

65
Q

Langerhans’ Cells

A

Cells found in the epidermidis that warn against the invasion of micro organisms and respond to that invasion

66
Q

Leucocytes

A

White blood cells or corpuscles

67
Q

Subcutis

A

A layer of subcutaneous tissue

68
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Cells produced in the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland that produces antibodies capable of attacking infection

69
Q

Dilation

A

The process of widening or expanding

70
Q

Constriction

A

The process of narrowing

71
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

The skins sweat glands

72
Q

Cosmeceuticals

A

Products that form between the categories of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and the generally have a higher level of absorption and standard cosmetics

Chapter 5: Bacteriology, Sanitation & Sterilization (7 decks)

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