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Human Anatomy - BIOL2244 > Chapter 1: A First Look At Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1: A First Look At Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What subdiscipline of anatomy studies all structures in a single region? (e.g., muscles, nerves, blood vessels, etc. of neck)

A

Regional Anatomy

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2
Q

What subdiscipline of anatomy studies superficial and internal structures as they relate to their location on the body surface?

A

Surface Anatomy

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3
Q

What subdiscipline of anatomy studies structures involved with a specific activity? (e.g., digestion)

A

Systemic Anatomy

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4
Q

What subdiscipline of anatomy studies anatomic changes resulting from disease?

A

Pathologic Anatomy

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5
Q

What subdiscipline of anatomy studies structures visualized by medical imaging procedures? (ex: ultrasound, MRI, x-ray)

A

Radiographic Anatomy

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6
Q

What subdiscipline of anatomy studies anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery? (ex: using the hip bones as a landmark to find the L4 vertebra prior to back surgery)

A

Surgical Anatomy

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7
Q

What is the first level of structural organization of the body?

A

Atoms

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8
Q

What is the second level of structural organization of the body?

A

Molecules

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9
Q

What is the third level of structural organization of the body?

A

Cells

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10
Q

What is the fourth level of structural organization of the body?

A

Tissues

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11
Q

What is the fifth level of structural organization of the body?

A

Organs

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12
Q

What is the sixth level of structural organization of the body?

A

Systems

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13
Q

What is the seventh level of structural organization of the body?

A

Organism

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14
Q

Veins go towards the heart; true or false?

A

True

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15
Q

Arteries go away from the heart; true or false?

A

True

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16
Q

How many commonly recognized organ systems are in the human body?

A

Eleven

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17
Q

What body system provides protection, regulates body temperature, is the site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, and prevents water loss?

A

The Integumentary System

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18
Q

What body system provides support and protection, is the site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production), stores calcium and phosphorous, and provides sites for muscle attachment?

A

The Skeletal System

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19
Q

What body system produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract?

A

The Muscular System

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20
Q

What body system serves as a regulatory system that contains body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other systems of the body, and is responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory?

A

The Nervous System

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21
Q

What body system consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions?

A

The Endocrine System

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22
Q

What body system consists of the heart (a pump), blood, and blood vessels? This system allows the heart to move blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products.

A

The Cardiovascular System

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23
Q

What body system transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid transported through lymph vessels) and initiates an immune response when necessary?

A

The Lymphatic System

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24
Q

What body system is responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs?

A

The Respiratory System

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25
Q

What body system mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products?

A

The Digestive System

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26
Q

What body system filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body?

A

The Urinary System

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27
Q

What body system produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (testosterone), and transfers sperm to female?

A

The Male Reproductive System

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28
Q

What body system produces sex cells (oocytes) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone), receives sperm from male, is the site of fertilization of oocyte and growth and development of embryo/fetus, and produces and secretes breast milk for nourishment of newborn?

A

The Female Reproductive System

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29
Q

What plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts?

A

The coronal (frontal) plane

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30
Q

What plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts?

A

The transverse (cross-sectional; horizontal) plane

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31
Q

What plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?

A

The midsagittal (median) plane

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32
Q

What planes pass through specimen at an angle?

A

Oblique planes

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33
Q

What is the correct directional term for “ventral” or “front”?

A

Anterior

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34
Q

What is the correct directional term for “dorsal” or “back”?

A

Posterior

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35
Q

What is the correct directional term for “toward head”?

A

Superior OR Cranial

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36
Q

What is the correct directional term for “toward feet”?

A

Inferior

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37
Q

What is the correct directional term for “toward midline”?

A

Medial

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38
Q

What is the correct directional term for “away from midline”?

A

Lateral

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39
Q

What is the correct directional term for “same side”?

A

Ispilateral

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40
Q

What is the correct directional term for “opposite side”?

A

Contralateral

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41
Q

What is the correct directional term for “internal”?

A

Deep/Profound

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42
Q

What is the correct directional term for “external”?

A

Superficial

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43
Q

What is the correct directional term for “close to trunk”?

A

Proximal

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44
Q

What is the correct directional term for “far from trunk”?

A

Distal

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45
Q

What are the two main body regions known as?

A

Axial and Appendicular Regions

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46
Q

What makes up the axial region?

A

The head, neck, and trunk

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47
Q

What makes up the appendicular region?

A

The upper and lower limbs

48
Q

What body cavity is formed by skull bones?

A

The cranial cavity

49
Q

What body canal is formed by vertebral column?

A

The vertebral canal

50
Q

What body cavity is superior to diaphragm?

A

Thoracic cavity

51
Q

What body cavity is inferior to diaphragm and contains two cavities divided by pelvic brim of hip bones?

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

52
Q

What cavity is superior to the pelvic brim?

A

Abdominal cavity

53
Q

What cavity is inferior to the pelvic brim?

A

Pelvic cavity

54
Q

What cavity is lined by a serous membrane?

A

Ventral cavity

55
Q

The ventral cavity is divided into two continuous parts (layers); true or false?

A

True

56
Q

What layer of the ventral cavity lines the internal surface of the body wall?

A

The parietal layer

57
Q

What layer of the ventral cavity covers the external surface of specific organs?

A

The visceral layer

58
Q

What is the purpose of the serous cavity with serous fluid?

A

To reduce friction between moving organs

59
Q

What is the median space in the thoracic cavity called?

A

Mediastinum

60
Q

What all is located in the mediastinum?

A

The heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major vessels

61
Q

What is the serous membrane around the heart called?

A

The pericardium

62
Q

What is the pericardium composed of?

A

The parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, and visceral pericardium

63
Q

What is the serous membrane around the lungs called?

A

The pleura

64
Q

What is the pleura composed of?

A

The parietal pleura, pleural cavity, and visceral pleura

65
Q

What is the serous membrane around many abdominal organs called?

A

The peritoneum

66
Q

What lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

The parietal peritoneum

67
Q

The peritoneal cavity is potential space with serous fluid; true or false?

A

True

68
Q

What covers the surface of most digestive organs?

A

The visceral peritoneum

69
Q

The epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric region makes up what column of the abdominopelvic region?

A

The middle column

70
Q

The right and left hypochondriac regions are 2 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; true or false?

A

True

71
Q

The right and left lumbar regions are 2 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; true or false?

A

True

72
Q

The right and left iliac regions are 2 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; true or false?

A

True

73
Q

What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

A

Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant

74
Q

In order for the body to be in anatomical position, the thumbs must face away from the body; true or false?

A

True

75
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the head region?

A

Cephalic

76
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the forehead region?

A

Frontal

77
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the eye region?

A

Orbital

78
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the cheek region?

A

Buccal

79
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the chin region?

A

Mental

80
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the sternum region?

A

Sternal

81
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the chest region?

A

Pectoral

82
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the breast region?

A

Mammary

83
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the abdomen region?

A

Abdominal

84
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the groin region?

A

Inguinal

85
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the ankle region?

A

Tarsal

86
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the back of the foot?

A

Dorsum of the foot

87
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the toe region?

A

Digital

88
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the foot region?

A

Pes

89
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the leg region?

A

Crural

90
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the kneecap region?

A

Patellar

91
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the thigh region?

A

Femoral

92
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the finger region?

A

Digital

93
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the palm region?

A

Palmar

94
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the wrist region?

A

Carpal

95
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the hip region?

A

Coxal

96
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the forearm region?

A

Antebrachial

97
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the front of elbow region?

A

Antecubital

98
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the arm region?

A

Brachial

99
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the armpit region?

A

Axillary

100
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the shoulder region?

A

Deltiod

101
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the neck region?

A

Cervical

102
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the mouth region?

A

Oral

103
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the nose region?

A

Nasal

104
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the skull region?

A

Cranial

105
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the ear region?

A

Auricular

106
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the back of head region?

A

Occipital

107
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the spinal column region?

A

Vertebral

108
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the lower back region?

A

Lumbar

109
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the hand region?

A

Manus

110
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the back of knee region?

A

Popliteal

111
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the calf region?

A

Sural

112
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the sole of foot region?

A

Plantar

113
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the heel region?

A

Calcaneal

114
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the back of the hand?

A

Dorsum of the hand

115
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the buttock region?

A

Gluteal

116
Q

What is the anatomically correct term for the elbow?

A

Olecranal

Human Anatomy - BIOL2244 (2 decks)

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