CHAPTER 1

Question 1

anthropology

Answer 1

the study of the full scope of human diversity and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another.

Question 2

ethnocentrism

Answer 2

• the strong human tendency to believe that one’s own culture or way of life is normal, natural, and superior to the beliefs and practices of others.
• belief that one’s own culture or way of life is normal, natural, or even superior, and the tendency to use one’s own culture to evaluate and judge the cultural ideas and practices of others.

Question 3

ethnographic fieldwork

Answer 3

when anthropologists live in a community of people over and extended period of time to understand their lives by “walking in their shoes”.

Question 4

holism

Answer 4

Textbook: anthropology’s commitment to look at the whole picture of human life. (Culture, biology, history, language, etc…) across time and space.
Class: look at a community or cultural phenomenon and understand how it’s related to other parts of their culture.

Question 5

biological anthropology

Answer 5

(physical anthropology) study of humans from a biological perspective - how they have evolved over time and have adapted to their environments.

Question 6

paleoanthropology

Answer 6

(physical anthropology) traces the history of human evolution by reconstructing the human fossil record.

Question 7

primatology

Answer 7

(physical anthropology) study living, non-human primates and primate fossils. (ex: monkeys, apes, chimps, gorillas, etc…) -to see what clues their biology, evolution and behavior and social life might provide about tour own (early) human behavior.

Question 8

archaeology

Answer 8

investigation of the human past by means of excavating and analyzing material remains (artifacts).
the study of the human past.

Question 9

pre-historic archaeology

Answer 9

seeks to reconstruct human behavior from artifacts that give significant clues about our ancestor’s lives.

Question 10

historic archaeology

Answer 10

excavate houses, stores, factories, sunken slave ships, polar ice caps, etc… to better understand recent human history and the impact of humans on the environment.

Question 11

linguistic anthropology

Answer 11

study of human language in the past and present.

Question 12

descriptive linguists

Answer 12

(linguistic anthropology) carefully describe spoken languages and preserve them as written languages.

Question 13

historical linguists

Answer 13

(linguistic anthropology) studies how languages change overtime within a culture and how it moves across cultures.

Question 14

sociolinguists

Answer 14

(linguistic anthropology) the study of language in its social and cultural contexts.

Question 15

globalization

Answer 15

worldwide intensification of interactions and the increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national boarders.

Question 16

time-space compression (theory)

Answer 16

the rapid innovation of communication and transportation technologies has transformed the way we think about space (distances) and time.
ex: it used to take a few days by horse to get across to another state, now, by car, we can do it in a day.

Question 17

flexible accumulation

Answer 17

advances in transportation and communication have enabled companies to move their production facilities around the world in search of labor, lower taxes, and fewer environmental regulations - to be completely flexible about the way they accumulate profits.

Question 18

increasing migration

Answer 18

the movement of people both within and between countries.

Question 19

uneven development

Answer 19

extreme wealth = extreme poverty. extracting the resources of some to fuel the success of others.

Question 20

rapid change

Answer 20

change in human activities and the physical world (as well as economic, social and political institutions/ practices); the pace of change.

Question 21

What are the 4 subfields of anthropology?

Answer 21

1- cultural - the study of man, what it means to be human.
2- physical
3- archaeological
4- linguistic

Question 22

What are the 5 hallmarks of anthropology?

Answer 22

1- challenges ethnocentrism
2- maintains cultural relativism
3- holism
4- fieldwork
5- recognition of change

Question 23

What are the 6 dynamics of globalization?

Answer 23

1- time-space compression
2- increasing migration
3- uneven development
4- flexible accumulation
5- rapid change
6- climate change