Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Computer system
A
combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.
2
Q
Hardware
A
Collection of physical devices that comprise a computer system.
3
Q
Software
A
consists of the programs that tell the computer what to do.
4
Q
Programs
A
Sets of instructions for a computer
5
Q
programming
A
the act of developing and writing programs
6
Q
application software
A
comprises all the programs you apply to a task
7
Q
app
A
a piece of application software. the term is frequently used for applications on mobile devices.
8
Q
system software
A
comprises the programs that you use to manage your computer
9
Q
input
A
describes the entry of data items into computer memory using hardware devices such as keyboards and mice.
10
Q
data items
A
include all the text, numbers, and other information processed by a computer
11
Q
processing
A
data items may involve organizing them, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on the.,
12
Q
central processing unit (CPU)
A
computer hardware component that processes data.
13
Q
output
A
describes the operation of retrieving information from memory and sending it to a device… so people can view and work with the results.
14
Q
information
A
processed data.
15
Q
storage devices
A
types of hardware equipment, such as disks, that hold information for later retrieval
16
Q
cloud
A
refers to remote computers accessed through the internet
17
Q
programming languages
A
languages like C++ or Java which are used to write programs
18
Q
program code
A
set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language.
19
Q
coding the program
A
act of writing programming language instructions.
20
Q
syntax
A
the grammar rules of a language
21
Q
syntax error
A
errors in language or grammar
22
Q
computer memory
A
the temporary, internal storage within a computer.
23
Q
random access memory (RAM)
A
temporary, internal computer storage.
24
Q
volatile (with respect to storage)
A
describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.
25
Nonvolatile (with respect to storage)
describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.
26
machine language
a computers on/off circuitry language.
27
source code
set of statements a programmer writes in a programming language.
28
object code
the set of machine language statements that have been translated from source code.
29
compiler (or interpreter)
translates a high-level language into machine language and indicates if you have used a programming language incorrectly.
30
binary language
represented using a series of 0s and 1s
31
to run or execute a program is to....
carry out its instructions.
32
scripting languages
python, lua, perl, PHP. used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard. they are stored as text rather than as binary executable files.
33
logic of a computer program is...
the complete sequence of instructions that lead to a problem's solution
34
logical errors occur when....
incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order.
35
variable
named memory location that can hold different values at different points in time.
36
program development cycle
consists of the steps that occur during a program's lifetime.
37
users (or end users) are...
people who employ and benefit from computer programs.
38
documentations
consists of all the supporting paperwork for a program.
39
algorithm
the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.
40
desk-checking
the process of walking through a program solution on paper.
41
high level programming language
supports English like syntax
42
low level machine language
made up of 1s and 0s and does not use easily interpreted variable names.
43
debugging
the process of finding and correcting program errors.
44
conversion
the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs
45
maintenance
consists of all the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production
46
pseudocode
English like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
47
flowchart
pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
48
input symbol
indicates an input operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
49
processing symbol
indicates a processing operation and is represented by a rectangle in flowcharts
50
output symbol
indicates an output operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
51
I/O symbol
represented by parallelogram in flowcharts
52
flow-lines (arrows)
connect the steps in a flowchart
53
terminal symbol
indicates the beginning or end of a flowchart segment and is represented by a lozenge
54
loop
repetition of a series of steps.
55
infinite loop
occurs when repeating logic cannot end
56
decision symbol
shaped like a diamond and used to represent decisions in flowcharts
57
dummy value
preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
58
sentinel value
preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
59
eof means...
end of file.
60
text editor
a program that you use to create simple text files. it is similar to a word processor, but without as many features
61
integrated development environment (IDE)
software package that provides an editor, compiler, and other programming tools.
62
command line
location on your computer screen at which you type text entries to communicate with the computers operating system
63
graphical user interface (GUI)
allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment
64
procedural programming
programming model that focuses on procedures or actions as opposed to object oriented programming.
65
object oriented programming
programming model that focuses on objects, or "things", and describes their features (also called attributes) and behaviors, as opposed to procedural programming.
66
Sequential Execution
Perform statements, one after another, in the order they are encountered in the script.
67
conditional execution
check for certain conditions and then execute or skip a sequence of statements
68
repeated execution
perform some set of statements repeatedly, usually with some variation.
69
reuse
write a set of instructions once and give them a name and then reuse those instructions as need throughout your program.
70
# Reverse
combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.
Computer system
71
# Reverse
Collection of physical devices that comprise a computer system.
Hardware
72
# Reverse
consists of the programs that tell the computer what to do.
Software
73
# Reverse
Sets of instructions for a computer
Programs
74
# Reverse
the act of developing and writing programs
programming
75
# Reverse
comprises all the programs you apply to a task
application software
76
# Reverse
a piece of application software. the term is frequently used for applications on mobile devices.
app
77
# Reverse
comprises the programs that you use to manage your computer
system software
78
# Reverse
describes the entry of data items into computer memory using hardware devices such as keyboards and mice.
input
79
# Reverse
include all the text, numbers, and other information processed by a computer
data items
80
# Reverse
data items may involve organizing them, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on the.,
processing
81
# Reverse
computer hardware component that processes data.
central processing unit (CPU)
82
# Reverse
describes the operation of retrieving information from memory and sending it to a device... so people can view and work with the results.
output
83
# Reverse
processed data.
information
84
# Reverse
types of hardware equipment, such as disks, that hold information for later retrieval
storage devices
85
# Reverse
refers to remote computers accessed through the internet
cloud
86
# Reverse
languages like C++ or Java which are used to write programs
programming languages
87
# Reverse
set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language.
program code
88
# Reverse
act of writing programming language instructions.
coding the program
89
# Reverse
the grammar rules of a language
syntax
90
# Reverse
errors in language or grammar
syntax error
91
# Reverse
the temporary, internal storage within a computer.
computer memory
92
# Reverse
temporary, internal computer storage.
random access memory (RAM)
93
# Reverse
describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.
volatile (with respect to storage)
94
# Reverse
describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.
Nonvolatile (with respect to storage)
95
# Reverse
a computers on/off circuitry language.
machine language
96
# Reverse
set of statements a programmer writes in a programming language.
source code
97
# Reverse
the set of machine language statements that have been translated from source code.
object code
98
# Reverse
translates a high-level language into machine language and indicates if you have used a programming language incorrectly.
compiler (or interpreter)
99
# Reverse
represented using a series of 0s and 1s
binary language
100
# Reverse
carry out its instructions.
to run or execute a program is to....
101
# Reverse
python, lua, perl, PHP. used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard. they are stored as text rather than as binary executable files.
scripting languages
102
# Reverse
the complete sequence of instructions that lead to a problem's solution
logic of a computer program is...
103
# Reverse
incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order.
logical errors occur when....
104
# Reverse
named memory location that can hold different values at different points in time.
variable
105
# Reverse
consists of the steps that occur during a program's lifetime.
program development cycle
106
# Reverse
people who employ and benefit from computer programs.
users (or end users) are...
107
# Reverse
consists of all the supporting paperwork for a program.
documentations
108
# Reverse
the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.
algorithm
109
# Reverse
the process of walking through a program solution on paper.
desk-checking
110
# Reverse
supports English like syntax
high level programming language
111
# Reverse
made up of 1s and 0s and does not use easily interpreted variable names.
low level machine language
112
# Reverse
the process of finding and correcting program errors.
debugging
113
# Reverse
the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs
conversion
114
# Reverse
consists of all the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production
maintenance
115
# Reverse
English like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
pseudocode
116
# Reverse
pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
flowchart
117
# Reverse
indicates an input operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
input symbol
118
# Reverse
indicates a processing operation and is represented by a rectangle in flowcharts
processing symbol
119
# Reverse
indicates an output operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
output symbol
120
# Reverse
represented by parallelogram in flowcharts
I/O symbol
121
# Reverse
connect the steps in a flowchart
flow-lines (arrows)
122
# Reverse
indicates the beginning or end of a flowchart segment and is represented by a lozenge
terminal symbol
123
# Reverse
repetition of a series of steps.
loop
124
# Reverse
occurs when repeating logic cannot end
infinite loop
125
# Reverse
shaped like a diamond and used to represent decisions in flowcharts
decision symbol
126
# Reverse
preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
dummy value
127
# Reverse
preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
sentinel value
128
# Reverse
end of file.
eof means...
129
# Reverse
a program that you use to create simple text files. it is similar to a word processor, but without as many features
text editor
130
# Reverse
software package that provides an editor, compiler, and other programming tools.
integrated development environment (IDE)
131
# Reverse
location on your computer screen at which you type text entries to communicate with the computers operating system
command line
132
# Reverse
allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment
graphical user interface (GUI)
133
# Reverse
programming model that focuses on procedures or actions as opposed to object oriented programming.
procedural programming
134
# Reverse
programming model that focuses on objects, or "things", and describes their features (also called attributes) and behaviors, as opposed to procedural programming.
object oriented programming
135
# Reverse
Perform statements, one after another, in the order they are encountered in the script.
Sequential Execution
136
# Reverse
check for certain conditions and then execute or skip a sequence of statements
conditional execution
137
# Reverse
perform some set of statements repeatedly, usually with some variation.
repeated execution
138
# Reverse
write a set of instructions once and give them a name and then reuse those instructions as need throughout your program.
reuse
