Chapter 1

Question 1

Process that may involve manipulating DNA and RNA and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms (E-coli bacteria) and repeatedly reproduced.

Answer 1

Biotechnology

Question 2

Manufacturers chosen name for a drug, which is protected by a patent

Answer 2

Brand (trade) Name

Question 3

Drugs that are categorized by federal law according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse; also known as scheduled drugs

Answer 3

Controlled Substances

Question 4

Groups of medications that are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics

Answer 4

Drug Classifications

Question 5

Chemical or official name of the drug that is independent of the manufacturer and often indicates the drug group

Answer 5

Generic Name

Question 6

Medications available for purchase without a prescription

Answer 6

Over the Counter Drugs (OTC)

Question 7

Costs of drug therapy, including costs of purchasing, dispensing, storage, administration, and laboratory and other tests used to monitor patient responses; also considers losses due to expiration

Answer 7

Pharmacoeconomics

Question 8

Study of how a persons genetic heritage leads to variable responses to drugs; more generally refers to genetic polymorphisms that occur in a patient population, such as an ethnic group, as opposed to an individual person

Answer 8

Pharmacogenomics (pharmacogenetics)

Question 9

Use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes

Answer 9

Pharmacotherapy

Question 10

Inert substance containing no medication and given to reinforce a persons expectation to improve

Answer 10

Placebo

Question 11

Medications that are ordered in writing by licensed healthcare provider

Answer 11

Prescription Drugs

Question 12

Often the first drug of a particular drug class to be developed; usually, the standard against which newer similar drugs are compared

Answer 12

Prototype

Question 13

The study of drugs (chemicals) that alter the function of living organisms

Answer 13

Pharmacology

Question 14

When prevention or cure is not a reasonable goal, relief of symptoms can greatly improve a pts quality of life and ability to perform activities of daily living

Answer 14

Drug therapy

Question 15

Drugs that act mainly at the site of application

*sunscreen, local anesthetics

Answer 15

Drugs with local effects

Question 16

Drugs taken into the body, circulated through the bloodstream to their sites of action in various body tissues, and eventually eliminated from the body.

Answer 16

Drugs with Systemic effects

Question 17

Drugs that are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions.

Answer 17

Synthetic Drugs

Question 18

Naturally occurring substances that have been chemically modified
*many antibiotics

Answer 18

Semisynthetic Drugs

Question 19

Drugs that have no accepted medical use, have lack of accepted safety, and have high abuse potentials
*heroin, LSD, MDMA-ecstasy, mescaline, and peyote

Answer 19

Schedule I drugs

Question 20

Drugs that are used medically and have high abuse potentials
*Opioid analgesics (codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone), central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine), and barbiturate sedative-hypnotics (pentobarbital)

Answer 20

Schedule II drugs

Question 21

Drugs with less potential for abuse that those in I and II, but abuse of which may lead to psychological or physical dependence. These drugs and substances have an accepted medical use in the U.S.
*androgens and anabolic steroids, some depressants (ketamine, pentobarbital), some CNS stimulants (methylphenidate), and mixtures containing small amounts of controlled substances (codeine, barbiturates not listed in other schedules).

Answer 21

Schedule III drugs

Question 22

Drugs with an accepted medical use in the U.S. but with some potential for abuse
*benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam), other sedative-hypnotics (phenobarbital, chloral hydrate), and some prescription appetizers suppressants (phentermine)

Answer 22

Schedule IV drugs

Question 23

Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances. They may be dispensed by the pharmacist without a physicians prescription but with some restrictions regarding the amount, record keeping, and other safeguards.
*cough suppressants, contains small amounts of codeine and antidiarrheal drugs (diphenoxylate and atropine [Lomotil]).

Answer 23

Schedule V drugs

Question 24

1) right drug
2) right dose
3) right patient
4) right route
5) right time
6) right reason
7) right documentation
8) right patient education
9) right evaluation
10) right to refuse the medication
* patient safety with med admin begins by adhering to this
* these are the goals of the med admin process, and discussion of the effort to reduce med errors and harm

Answer 24

10 rights of medication administration

Question 25

• U (unit), write “unit” instead
• IU(international unit), write “International Unit” instead
• Q.D., QD, q.d., qd (daily), write “daily” instead
• Trailing Zero (x.0 mg), write “X mg” instead
• Lack of leading zero (.x mg), wrote “0.x mg” instead
• MS, write “morphine sulfate” instead
• MSO4 and MgSO4, write “magnesium sulfate” instead

Answer 25

Official “DO NOT USE” List