Chapter 1 Flashcards
Process that may involve manipulating DNA and RNA and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms (E-coli bacteria) and repeatedly reproduced.
Biotechnology
Manufacturers chosen name for a drug, which is protected by a patent
Brand (trade) Name
Drugs that are categorized by federal law according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse; also known as scheduled drugs
Controlled Substances
Groups of medications that are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics
Drug Classifications
Chemical or official name of the drug that is independent of the manufacturer and often indicates the drug group
Generic Name
Medications available for purchase without a prescription
Over the Counter Drugs (OTC)
Costs of drug therapy, including costs of purchasing, dispensing, storage, administration, and laboratory and other tests used to monitor patient responses; also considers losses due to expiration
Pharmacoeconomics
Study of how a persons genetic heritage leads to variable responses to drugs; more generally refers to genetic polymorphisms that occur in a patient population, such as an ethnic group, as opposed to an individual person
Pharmacogenomics (pharmacogenetics)
Use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes
Pharmacotherapy
Inert substance containing no medication and given to reinforce a persons expectation to improve
Placebo
Medications that are ordered in writing by licensed healthcare provider
Prescription Drugs
Often the first drug of a particular drug class to be developed; usually, the standard against which newer similar drugs are compared
Prototype
The study of drugs (chemicals) that alter the function of living organisms
Pharmacology
When prevention or cure is not a reasonable goal, relief of symptoms can greatly improve a pts quality of life and ability to perform activities of daily living
Drug therapy
Drugs that act mainly at the site of application
*sunscreen, local anesthetics
Drugs with local effects
Drugs taken into the body, circulated through the bloodstream to their sites of action in various body tissues, and eventually eliminated from the body.
Drugs with Systemic effects
Drugs that are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions.
Synthetic Drugs
Naturally occurring substances that have been chemically modified
*many antibiotics
Semisynthetic Drugs
Drugs that have no accepted medical use, have lack of accepted safety, and have high abuse potentials
*heroin, LSD, MDMA-ecstasy, mescaline, and peyote
Schedule I drugs
Drugs that are used medically and have high abuse potentials
*Opioid analgesics (codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone), central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine), and barbiturate sedative-hypnotics (pentobarbital)
Schedule II drugs
Drugs with less potential for abuse that those in I and II, but abuse of which may lead to psychological or physical dependence. These drugs and substances have an accepted medical use in the U.S.
*androgens and anabolic steroids, some depressants (ketamine, pentobarbital), some CNS stimulants (methylphenidate), and mixtures containing small amounts of controlled substances (codeine, barbiturates not listed in other schedules).
Schedule III drugs
Drugs with an accepted medical use in the U.S. but with some potential for abuse
*benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam), other sedative-hypnotics (phenobarbital, chloral hydrate), and some prescription appetizers suppressants (phentermine)
Schedule IV drugs
Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances. They may be dispensed by the pharmacist without a physicians prescription but with some restrictions regarding the amount, record keeping, and other safeguards.
*cough suppressants, contains small amounts of codeine and antidiarrheal drugs (diphenoxylate and atropine [Lomotil]).
Schedule V drugs
1) right drug
2) right dose
3) right patient
4) right route
5) right time
6) right reason
7) right documentation
8) right patient education
9) right evaluation
10) right to refuse the medication
* patient safety with med admin begins by adhering to this
* these are the goals of the med admin process, and discussion of the effort to reduce med errors and harm
10 rights of medication administration
- U (unit), write “unit” instead
- IU(international unit), write “International Unit” instead
- Q.D., QD, q.d., qd (daily), write “daily” instead
- Trailing Zero (x.0 mg), write “X mg” instead
- Lack of leading zero (.x mg), wrote “0.x mg” instead
- MS, write “morphine sulfate” instead
- MSO4 and MgSO4, write “magnesium sulfate” instead
Official “DO NOT USE” List
