Chapter 1 Flashcards
Basic characteristics of science
- description
- prediction
- control
Description
- a characteristic of science
- collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified, classified, and examined.
- often suggests possible hypothesis or questions for additional research
Prediction
- a characteristic of science
- in the presence of one event another event occurs or fails to occur.
- correlation
Control
- a scientific characteristic
- highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relation
Dependent variable
- effect
- produced when the independent variable (cause) is manipulated
Independent variable
- cause
- when manipulates it changes the dependent variable (effect)
Attitudes of science
- determinism
- empiricism
- experimentation
- replication
- Parsimony
- Philosophic doubt
Determinism
- attitude of science
- an assumption that science is predicted
- universe is lawful
- all phenomena occurs as a result of other events
Empiricism
- attitude of science
- objectivity
- thoroughly described scientific method
Experimentation
- attitude of science
- dependent and independent variable
- the basic strategy of most sciences
Replication
- attitude of science
- repetition of experimentation
Parsimony
- attitudes of science
- logical explanation
- least amount of assumptions
Philosophical doubt
- attitude of science
- continuously questioning truthfulness
EAB
- experimental
- laboratory work
ABA
- takes research and applies it to people
- improves behavior
Radical behavior
- B.F. Skinner
- includes private and observable behavior
Methodological
-rejects internal behaviors
Mentalism
- circular reasoning
- one answer explains another answer
B.F. Skinner
- respondent and operant
- S-R-S model
- believed in radical behavior
Respondent
- reflexive
- involuntary
Operant
- S-R-S model
- learned behaviors
Dimensions of science
- Applied
- behavioral
- analytic
- technological
- conceptually systematic
- effective
- generality
Applied
- dimension of science
- socially acceptable
Behavioral
- dimension of science
- descriptive, defined, measurable
Analytic
- Dimension of science
- experimental control of occurrences and non occurrences
Technological
- dimension of science
- written and replicable
Conceptually systematic
- dimension of science
- based on principles of ABA
- based on research
Effective
- dimension of science
- significant improvements
- noticeable
Generality
- dimension of science
- behavior change that lasts over time
- applies to other areas
Causal chain
- environmental
- inner condition/ thoughts
- class of behavior/ action
- environmental consequence
Inferences
- pseudo explanations
- circular reasoning
