Chapter 1 Flashcards
Growth occurs at every period of life. Individual lives show continuity and change.
Look at the whole person, because we function in an integrated manner.
Behavior must be interpreted in context.
People contribute actively to their development.
Diversity is a product of interaction.
Based on Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, What are The ((interaction and modification of )) three major systems produces human life.
The biological system The psychological system The societal system
Biological processes are necessary for:
Physical functioning of the organism
Mental activity: Includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system.
These processes develop and change as a consequence of:
Genetically guided maturation Environmental stimulation and resources
Including social interactions, cognitive challenges, and nutrition
Exposure to environmental toxins
Encounters with accidents and disease Patterns of lifestyle behavior
• psychological system
Mental processes central to make meaning of experiences and take action
Emotion Memory Perception Motivation Thinking and reasoning Language Symbolic abilities Orientation to the future
The Psychological System (slide 2 of 4) The integration of mental processes
Provides resources for?
processing information, solving problems, and navigating reality
Mental processes develop and change over the lifespan through:
Genetic information Life experiences
Self-directed behavior: How do you achieve self- insight
The Societal System (slide 1 of 3)
Which of these elements influence you the most?
Social roles Social support Culture Religions Family organization Leadership styles Communication patterns Ethnic and subcultural influences Political ideologies and forms of government
The Societal System (slide 2 of 3)
Encompasses those processes that:
Foster or disrupt a person’s sense of social integration and social identity
May change over the lifespan through: Laws and policies
Political and economic structures Educational opportunities
The Societal System and Culture
Societies differ:
In their worldviews: individualistic or collectivistic
In their emphasis on and belief in science, spirituality, and fatalism
In age-graded expectations
How do the cultural beliefs of your upbringing influence the way you make meaning of your current stage of life?
The Impact of Poverty (slide 1 of 2) what is Poverty threshold:
The minimum cash income needed to support a person or a family in meeting basic needs of daily living
How does poverty affect development throughout the lifespan?
What mechanisms may help to escape the limitations of poverty?
Extreme poverty:
Income less than 50% of poverty
threshold Poverty:
Income less than 100% of the poverty threshold
Low income:
Income less than 200% of the poverty threshold
What are some conditions that lead to poverty?
- Decline in well-paying, blue-collar jobs
Large increases in single-mother
households Erosion of the economic safety net for poor children Decline in purchasing power of minimum wage Natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods
Chronic poverty is linked with greater problems with:
- Health
- Cognitive development School achievement Reduced life expectancy
Some children living in poverty are resilient – why?
- Changes in one of the three systems generally bring about changes in the others.
- Development results from the continuous interaction of the individual and the social environment.
The meaning we make of experiences changes over the course of life.
Many of our most important life decisions are made with some assumptions about how long we expect to live
How long do you think you’ll live and how does this impact your decision making?
Life Expectancy (slide 1 of 4)
Statistical projection of the number of years one can expect to live
Longer life expectancy seems to be related to a more gradual transition into adulthood.
Later age at marriage
Older age for having children More occupational transitions
