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Microbiology 242 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

The study of microscopic organisms

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2
Q

What is an animalcule?

A

A microscopic organism

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3
Q

What is abiogenesis?

A

Spontaneous generation, animalcules result from fermentation

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4
Q

What is biogenesis?

A

Animalcules come from other animalcules and causes fermentation

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5
Q

What did Pasteur and Tyndall conclude?

A

Animalcules are present on dust particles

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6
Q

What happened in the germ theory of fermentation?

A

Pasteur took grape juice and heated it to get rid of unwanted MOs, added high quality wine and allowed fermentation to occur, then reheated the mixture

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7
Q

Pasteurization

A

Heating for several minutes to kill unwanted MOs without changing the taste

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8
Q

What was the conclusion of the germ theory of disease?

A

One kind of microbe causes one disease

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9
Q

What did Koch’s postulates prove?

A

Proved the causative agent of a disease

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10
Q

Koch’s postulates:Step 1

A

A specific MO always associated with a given disease

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11
Q

Koch’s postulates:Step 2

A

MO isolated and grown in pure culture in the lab

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12
Q

Koch’s postulates:Step 3

A

Pure culture will produce disease

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13
Q

Koch’s postulates:Step 4

A

Recover the injected MO from experimentally infected organism (re-isolate)

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14
Q

What are the modifications of Koch’s postulates?

A
  • Some diseases are caused by more than one MO
  • Viruses and other parasites
  • One MO can cause several diseases
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15
Q

What experiment was conducted by Ivanovski?

A

Tobacco mosaic disease, concluded that MOs are filterable

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16
Q

What disease was founded by Walter Reed?

A

Yellow fever, found that is was transmitted by mosquitoes

17
Q

What is Antisepsis?

A

Measures to prevent infection, was practiced before the germ theory was proven

18
Q

What did semmelweis study and what did he conclude?

A

Childbed fever, used chlorine to clean hands of obstetricians.

19
Q

What did Lister soak surgical dressings in?

A

Phenol/Carbolic acid

20
Q

Immunization

A

Stimulation of the host to develop resistance to a specific disease

21
Q

What experiment did Jenner run?

A

Those exposed to cowpox were resistant to small pox

22
Q

Chicken Cholera experiment

A

Injected healthy chickens with bacterium believed to be the cause (the culture they used was old), results: no chickens died.
Pasteur then injected healthy chickens and previously injected chicken with a fresh culture of bacterium, results: previously injected chickens stayed alive, others died

23
Q

What were the key takeaways from the chicken cholera experiment?

A

Old cultures become avirulent, vaccines are now used.

24
Q

What was Ehrlich’s magic bullet?

A

A way to kill unwanted microbes without harming the patient (selective toxicity)

25
Q

Who looked at different dyes to find causes, while not staining the patient?

A

Domagk

26
Q

Penicillin

A

Fungus founded by Fleming, Florey & Chain. Considered the miracle drug b/c it was made in time for WW2.

27
Q

What are the 6 fields of microbiology?

A

Medical, immunology, agriculture, public health, pollution, industry

28
Q

5 classifications of Microbes

A

Bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, viruses

29
Q

Carl woese decided to classify organisms based on…

A

Evolutionary relationships, and genetics. Split into 3 domains: eukarya, bacteria, archaea

30
Q

Bacteria

A

Prokaryotic, unicellular, some motile, have cell wall

31
Q

Protozoa

A

Eukaryotic, unicellular, ingest food, no cell wall, motile

32
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, cell wall, absorb dissolved nutrients

33
Q

Algae

A

Photosynthetic, eukaryotic, uni or multi cellular, cell wall

34
Q

Viruses

A

obligate parasites, small, not cells

Microbiology 242 (2 decks)

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