Chapter 1 Flashcards
Four Main Parts of a Neuron & their function
Dendrite: receives information
Soma: Integration & Summation
Axon: Conduction*
Axon Terminal: information output
Four Main Parts Inside Soma*
Nucleus: contains DNA*
*Mitochondrion: metabolic activities ( energy factory, protein–> ATP)
Ribosomes: Synthesizes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum: transports proteins
Sensory Neurons: location and function*
Skin–>Spinal Cord; receive sensory information and relay it to spinal cord*
Motor Neurons: location and function*
Spinal Cord; relays information to muscle fibers
Ions: Defintion & relation to neural signaling*
Molecules with a + or - charge ;
Astrocytes/Astroglia*
Regulates blood flow by dilating blood cells, absorb & release neurotransmitters, synchronize neural activity
Microglia*
Originate in Immune System ; detect and destroy harmful particles, cleans up after themselves (tau & amyloid beta plaque)
Oligodendrocytes/Oligodendroglia
Myelin Cells in CNS
Schwann Cells
Myelin Cells in PNS
Radial Glia
Guides Migration of New Neurons
Electrostatic Pressure: Definition & Distribution
Opposites Attract; Similars Repel; Equal Distribution
Differential/Selective Permeability: Definition* & Distribution
- ; Unequal Distribution
Sodium-Potassium Pump: Definition & Distribution
- ; Unequal Distribution (- inside, + outside)
Differential/Selective Permeability: Definition* & Distribution
Allows some ions in and excludes others* ; Unequal Distribution
Sodium-Potassium Pump: Definition & Distribution
Line entire membrane, takes out 3 Potassium & takes in 2 sodium ; Unequal Distribution (- inside, + outside)
Depolarization vs. Hyperpolarization
Depolarization: Excitatory, sodium enters
Hyperpolarization; Inhibitory, potassium leaves
All-or-None Law
Always the same size
Depolarization vs. Hyperpolarization
Depolarization: more +, more likely to reach threshold
Hyperpolarization: more -, less likely to reach threshold
Postsynaptic/Graded Potential vs. Action Potential (where, when, variation in size)
Graded: Dendrite,
Action: Axon,
All-or-None Law
Always the same size, threshold must be reached in order to evoke action potential
Ligand/Transmitter-Gated Channel vs. Voltage-Gated Channel
Ligand: opened by protein neurotransmitter
Voltage: opened by change in voltage
Absolute Refractory Period vs. Relative Refractory Period
Absolute: no amount of stimulation can evoke action potential
Relative: large enough stimulation could evoke action potential
Interneurons*
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