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HMKN 190 > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 basic functions of living things

A
  1. Responsiveness
  2. Adaptability to the environment
  3. Growth
  4. Reproduction
  5. Movement
  6. Metabolism
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2
Q

Anatomy?

A

the study of the structure and shape of our body and its parts

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3
Q

2 types of anatomy

A

Gross Anatomy: Study of large structures (heart, organs…)

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4
Q

Physiology?

A

the study of how our bodies function

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5
Q

Homeostasis?

A

the bodys ability to maintain a constant environment

ex: blood pressure falls, the body will raise it back up

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6
Q

5 types of Gross Anatomy

A
  1. Surface Anatomy: study of general form and superficial markings
  2. Regional Anatomy: the study of superficial and internal features in a specific region (ex: head, neck)
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7
Q

3 types of clinical anatomy

A
  1. Pathological : anatomical features that change during illness
  2. Radiography: stuff seen by XRAY and MRI…
  3. Surgical: anatomical landmarks used during surgery
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8
Q

2 types of microscopic anatomy/histology

A
  1. Cellular Level: Light microscope

2. Molecular Level: Electron microscope

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9
Q

Cytology

A

study of the internal structures of cells

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10
Q

Histology

A 
examines tissues (specialized cells)
-tissues combine to form organs
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11
Q

3 types of Physiology

A
  1. Cell: study of the function of living cells
  2. Systemic: The study of major organ systems (ex: respiratory and reproductive system)
  3. Pathology: study of the effects of disease on organs/systems
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12
Q

Cell Theory (3)

A
  1. Cells: structural building blocks of all independent organisms
  2. Cells: produced by the division of pre-existing cells
  3. Cells: smallest structural units that perform all vital functions
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13
Q

Proximal

A

close to the attachment point of a limb to the body

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14
Q

Intermediate

A

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

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15
Q

Lateral

A

away from the mid line of the body ; inner side of

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16
Q

Medial

A

toward the mid line of the body; inner side of

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17
Q

What is prone?

A

lying on the stomach

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18
Q

What is supine?

A

lying on the back

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19
Q

Posterior

A

(Dorsal), toward the back; behind

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20
Q

Anterior

A

(Ventral), toward the front; in front of

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21
Q

Inferior

A

(Caudal), away from head; below

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22
Q

Superior

A

(Cranial), towards the head; above

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23
Q

Organization of the body

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. Organ system level
24
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect, feet facing forward, arms on the sides, palms forward

25
Q

2 things in Dorsal body cavity

A

Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

26
Q

5 things in Ventral body cavity

A

Thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity)

27
Q

Where is cranial cavity located

A

Head

28
Q

Location of spinal cavity

A

neck

29
Q

location of thoracic cavity

A

chest

30
Q

location of diaphragm

A

below the chest

31
Q

abdominal cavity

A

abs

32
Q

pelvic cavity

A

pelvis

33
Q

dorsal also means…..

A

posterior

34
Q

ventral also means….

A

anterior

35
Q

pericardial also defines….

A

heart

36
Q

pleural also defines….

A

lungs

37
Q

membrane peritoneal surrounds the

A

abdominal cavity

38
Q

what is the heart hugged by?

A

Visceral Pericardium 2nd layer is called the parietal pericardium

39
Q

what membrane wraps around the lungs

A

pleural cavities (either visceral or parietal)

40
Q

cranial cavity is formed by

A

formed by cranial bones and contains brain

41
Q

vertebral/spinal canal is formed by

A

formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

42
Q

Homeostasis requires…

A
  1. Receptor, that is sensitive to a particular environmental stimulus
  2. Control Center, receives and processes information
  3. Effector, responds to the control center, whose activity either opposes or reinforces the stimulus
43
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

An automatic response to an stimulus leading to a variation outside the normal limits. (eg. regulatory control center of the brain)

44
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

Provides the regulation of a potentially dangerous or stressful process (eg. major cut resulting in blood loss)

45
Q

Most homeostatic control systems use what type of feedback?

A

Negative feedback.

  1. Homesostasis
  2. Receptors
  3. Control center
  4. Effectors
46
Q

X-Rays

A

a form of high energy radiation that can penetrate tissue

47
Q

thoracic cavity

A

located in chest cavity which contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum

48
Q

pleural cavity

A

each surrounds a lung: the sorts membrane of each pleural cavity is the pleura

49
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart: the sorts membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium

50
Q

what is in your Mediastinum

A

central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs: extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

51
Q

what is Radio density

A

the amount of resistance to x-ray penetration (from low to high; fat, liver, blood, muscle, bone)

52
Q

what is a Computerized Tomography

A

a single x-ray source rotates around the body creating a 3-D image

53
Q

What is in your Abdominopelvic cavity

A

contains stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and most of the small/large intestine

54
Q

What is in your Abdominal Cavity

A

Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine/large, serous membrane

55
Q

What is in your Pelvic Cavity

A

Urinary bladder, portions of large intestine and internal organs of reproduction

56
Q

Homeostasis requires:

A
  1. Receptor: that is sensitive to a particular environmental stimulus
  2. Control center: receives and processes information
  3. Effectors: responds to the control centre, whose activity either opposes or reinforces the stimulus

HMKN 190 (3 decks)

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