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HMKN 190 > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 basic functions of living things

A
  1. Responsiveness
  2. Adaptability to the environment
  3. Growth
  4. Reproduction
  5. Movement
  6. Metabolism
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2
Q

Anatomy?

A

the study of the structure and shape of our body and its parts

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3
Q

2 types of anatomy

A

Gross Anatomy: Study of large structures (heart, organs…)

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4
Q

Physiology?

A

the study of how our bodies function

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5
Q

Homeostasis?

A

the bodys ability to maintain a constant environment

ex: blood pressure falls, the body will raise it back up

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6
Q

5 types of Gross Anatomy

A
  1. Surface Anatomy: study of general form and superficial markings
  2. Regional Anatomy: the study of superficial and internal features in a specific region (ex: head, neck)
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7
Q

3 types of clinical anatomy

A
  1. Pathological : anatomical features that change during illness
  2. Radiography: stuff seen by XRAY and MRI…
  3. Surgical: anatomical landmarks used during surgery
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8
Q

2 types of microscopic anatomy/histology

A
  1. Cellular Level: Light microscope

2. Molecular Level: Electron microscope

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9
Q

Cytology

A

study of the internal structures of cells

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10
Q

Histology

A 
examines tissues (specialized cells)
-tissues combine to form organs
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11
Q

3 types of Physiology

A
  1. Cell: study of the function of living cells
  2. Systemic: The study of major organ systems (ex: respiratory and reproductive system)
  3. Pathology: study of the effects of disease on organs/systems
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12
Q

Cell Theory (3)

A
  1. Cells: structural building blocks of all independent organisms
  2. Cells: produced by the division of pre-existing cells
  3. Cells: smallest structural units that perform all vital functions
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13
Q

Proximal

A

close to the attachment point of a limb to the body

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14
Q

Intermediate

A

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

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15
Q

Lateral

A

away from the mid line of the body ; inner side of

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16
Q

Medial

A

toward the mid line of the body; inner side of

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17
Q

What is prone?

A

lying on the stomach

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18
Q

What is supine?

A

lying on the back

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19
Q

Posterior

A

(Dorsal), toward the back; behind

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20
Q

Anterior

A

(Ventral), toward the front; in front of

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21
Q

Inferior

A

(Caudal), away from head; below

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22
Q

Superior

A

(Cranial), towards the head; above

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23
Q

Organization of the body

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. Organ system level
24
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect, feet facing forward, arms on the sides, palms forward

25
2 things in Dorsal body cavity
Cranial cavity and spinal cavity
26
5 things in Ventral body cavity
Thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity)
27
Where is cranial cavity located
Head
28
Location of spinal cavity
neck
29
location of thoracic cavity
chest
30
location of diaphragm
below the chest
31
abdominal cavity
abs
32
pelvic cavity
pelvis
33
dorsal also means.....
posterior
34
ventral also means....
anterior
35
pericardial also defines....
heart
36
pleural also defines....
lungs
37
membrane peritoneal surrounds the
abdominal cavity
38
what is the heart hugged by?
Visceral Pericardium 2nd layer is called the parietal pericardium
39
what membrane wraps around the lungs
pleural cavities (either visceral or parietal)
40
cranial cavity is formed by
formed by cranial bones and contains brain
41
vertebral/spinal canal is formed by
formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves
42
Homeostasis requires...
1. Receptor, that is sensitive to a particular environmental stimulus 2. Control Center, receives and processes information 3. Effector, responds to the control center, whose activity either opposes or reinforces the stimulus
43
Negative Feedback Loop
An automatic response to an stimulus leading to a variation outside the normal limits. (eg. regulatory control center of the brain)
44
Positive Feedback Loop
Provides the regulation of a potentially dangerous or stressful process (eg. major cut resulting in blood loss)
45
Most homeostatic control systems use what type of feedback?
Negative feedback. 1. Homesostasis 2. Receptors 3. Control center 4. Effectors
46
X-Rays
a form of high energy radiation that can penetrate tissue
47
thoracic cavity
located in chest cavity which contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum
48
pleural cavity
each surrounds a lung: the sorts membrane of each pleural cavity is the pleura
49
pericardial cavity
surrounds the heart: the sorts membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium
50
what is in your Mediastinum
central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs: extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.
51
what is Radio density
the amount of resistance to x-ray penetration (from low to high; fat, liver, blood, muscle, bone)
52
what is a Computerized Tomography
a single x-ray source rotates around the body creating a 3-D image
53
What is in your Abdominopelvic cavity
contains stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and most of the small/large intestine
54
What is in your Abdominal Cavity
Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine/large, serous membrane
55
What is in your Pelvic Cavity
Urinary bladder, portions of large intestine and internal organs of reproduction
56
Homeostasis requires:
1. Receptor: that is sensitive to a particular environmental stimulus 2. Control center: receives and processes information 3. Effectors: responds to the control centre, whose activity either opposes or reinforces the stimulus

HMKN 190 (3 decks)

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