Chapter 1-8 Information Flashcards
What caused the Bering Straight?
The ice age caused sea levels to drop.
How many tribes were there?
300+ native tribes with 300 different languages. The tribes had no unity or written laws.
What was the reaction of the native Indians to the Europeans?
They were confused and curious about them.
What diseases did the Europeans being to the Indians?
Small Pox, measles, flu, chicken pox, mumps, and alcohol (white mans disease)
What happened in the European renaissance?
Rebirth of knowledge, science, and art. The crusades were also happening. They were trading with the Far East for luxury items for the wealthy.
What was Christopher Columbus’s goal?
To find an all water trade route.
How many trips did Christopher Columbus take to America?
4
Who was the first person to realize that America was a new continent?
Amengo Vespucci
Who takes the lead at first in settlements and exploration?
Spain
What was the first settlement?
Saint Augustine in 1565
In 1534 what did the French claim?
Everything that runs into the Mississippi River
Who came from France?
Single Men. Animal trappers for fur. Wanted to make money.
Why did Europeans come to the New World?
Religious Freedom
What religion went to maryland?
Catholics
What did the native Americans come across on from Asia?
Bering Straight
What religious group went to Massachusetts Bay?
Puritans “we must build a city upon a hill”
What religious group went to Plymouth?
Separatists
What religious group went to Pennsylvania?
Quakers led by William Penn
Quakers were less formal.
How did Virginia feel about religion?
They were all about profit. Gold and precious metals. Captain John smith “if you don’t work you don’t eat.”
What colonies were big into tobacco?
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina
What did the middle colonies like Pa, NY, NJ, Delaware do?
Yeomen Farming, (grains and corn)
What did the New England area do?
Ship building, fishing, and some farming
The southern colonies like South Carolina and Georgia grew…. ______ and _________.
Rice and cotton
The Royal Colonies NH, MASS., NY,NJ,VA,NC,SC, GA were …..
Under direct rule of the king so they had less freedom.
What were the propriety colonies?
Pennsylvania Maryland and Delaware
What were the charter colonies? (Most independent)
Rhode Island and Connecticut
What group was in Rhode Island?
Dissenter
What 2 people fled to Rhode Island?
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
King Philip and his tribe were forced to follow _________’s laws in 1675.
Puritan
What was the war called when King Philip led an attack on the Puritans and lost?
“King Philips War”
What happened in 1676 in Virginia?
“Bacons rebellion”
The Pequot War in 1637took place in _________over land.
Connecticut
Who claims New York and New Jersey?
Henry Hudson
What was the role of women?
Cook, Clean, and have and take care of kids.
When did the Stono Rebellion take place in the Carolinas?
September 9, 1939
Why did the Stono Rebellion take place?
Slave rebellion; 20 whites killed, and 60 slaves killed.
What happened in Salem Massachusetts in 1692?
20 women executed for being accused of witch craft.
Where did the French and Indian war take place?
Ohio River Valley
Who did the governor of Virginia in 1753 send to fight in the French and Indian war?
George Washington. 21 years old.
What was the first attempt to unite the colonies?
Albany Plan
What happened with the Albany plan?
The colonists refused to attend because they didn’t want taxes.
Who was General Edward Braddock?
65-66 year old. Obese. Womanizer. Took 2500 men including George Washington. 70% of men killed or wounded included Braddock. His defeat exposed the frontier. George took 300 soldiers to try to protect the frontier.
Who was Jane Frazier and what was her story?
Pregnant. October 1,1755. Abducted by Miami Indians. Took her to other side of Ohio. She was gone for 18 months. Baby died no food. Another white man with her. Made a plan to escape. She left the man behind and made it to fort ashby.
Who was William Pitt and what did he do?
He was in charge of the British Army. He promoted young officers over their superiors.
Who accepted the French’s surrender on September 8?
Jeffery Amherst.
When did the Treaty of Paris take place? And what was the outcome?
February 10, 1763. There were severe terms for France. England is dominant in North America.
What’s were the colony borders in 1763?
The south border was the gulf. (England took Florida from Spanish)
West border was Mississippi River.
Spain got Frenchs holdings west of the Mississippi River.
North- Hudson
What was the Great Awakening? (1730-1760)
The reaction against he enlightenment and the age of reason.
What took place during enlightenment and age of reason?
Religious Revival.
Science and Education.
“Fire and Brimstone religion”
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were popular evangelists. FIRST UNIFYING EVENT OF COLONIES.
What happened Politically during the enlightenment and age of reason?
Founded institutions for higher learning. (Colleges/Universities)
In 1763 how were the colonists feeling?
“Life is good” and optimistic about the future.
Population was booming in 1776. How many people were in colonies?
25 million. 60% under age of 21. I’m
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
Colonists can’t move west of the Eastern Continental Divide.
Who attacked the frontier in 1763 and the British Army didn’t help the colonists?
Pontiac.
What was the Navigation Acts in 1763 created by George Grenville?
- colonists can only buy from Britain.
- Colonists can only sell to Britain.
- All goods must be earned in British vessels.
What was the Revenue Act of 1764?
Tax on sugar- colonies.
What was the stamp act of 1765?
Tax on all papers. The colonists are outraged. They boycotted.
A boycott in the colonies means….
Snuggle with French and Spanish.
Make your own (industries)
Women pay a major role in Boycotts.
The Boston Massacre (May 5,1770). How many of each side were killed?
Total there were 60 colonists and 10 British soldiers.
5-11 colonists were killed
This meant we were close to war.
On May 1773 British passed what act in attempt to save the East India Tea Company?
the Tea act.
Was tea cheaper or more expensive because of the tea act?
Cheaper! Colonists think it is a trick.
On December 16,1773 what did the colonists due because of the tea act?
Boston Tea Party. $16,000 worth of tea destroyed!
What was the Intolerable acts or the coercive acts?
Punishment for the colonists.
- Closed Bostons port until the money was paid back for the destroyed tea.
- upper house has to be appointed, not elected by colonists.
- Boston was limited to 1 town meeting per year.
- no trials of colonists by British officials.
- colonists must house troops if needed.
- General Thomas gage was appointed governor.
On September 5,1774 the first continental congress met in ____________ with __ delegates.
Philadelphia
54 delegates.
On April 1775 the British troops ______ Boston for Lexington or Concord.
Leaves
What happens when the troops leave Boston?
Arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Open fighting.
When was George Appointed commander of the Continental Army?
May 1775 at the 2nd continental congress.
Why George for commander?
1: experience
2: personality, trustworthy
3: Virginia; wealthy and heavy population.
4: he got money from his wife Martha.
What did Thomas Paine publish?
Common Sense
What were the British advantages?
- Population
- Standing army ready
- Hired 30,000 hessians.
- Loyalists
- Wealth
What was the British his army disadvantages?
- Too far away
- America is too vast.
- England didn’t think how hard colonists would fight for a political deal.
- Colonies got help
- Many British did not support the war
What did the northern colonies tell slaves if they enlisted?
Freedom.
In the south what did the British do to get the slaves to enlist?
Freedom
What started the War between colonists and Britain?
Bunker Hill June and July of 1775.
450 colonists
1000 British
After 2 months British drove colonists out of Boston.
What happened in the fall of 1775 with General Montgomery and Benedict Arnold?
Tried to invade Canada.
They were thinking a 14th colony.
Montgomery was killed
Arnold wounded.
Who wrote Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Where did George and his army retreat to during the war?
Valley Forge
What was the final treaty of the end of the war (revolution) and who was in Europe making the treaty?
Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay.
They said wait for France and John Jay didn’t.
1. Independence
2. Borders: west- Mississippi River south- Florida went to Spain. North- Great Lakes which was vague.
What did we agree to in the treaty at the end of the revolution?
Stop persecuting loyalists. And restore their property.
Allow British merchants to collect their debts.
What was England hoping to do at the end of the revolution?
Renew trade and win us away from France.
What happened in fall of 1738 ended it all?
British Army leaves! Ending 176 years of colonial rule b
Mayflower Compact
First attempt at government in the Americas.
