Chapter 1 Flashcards
Logic
The science that evaluates arguments
Argument
A group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion)
Statement
A sentence that is either true or false
Truth Value
The attribute by which a statement is either true or false.
Premise
A statement in an argument that sets forth evidence.
Conclusion
The statement in an argument that the premise are claimed to support or imply.
Conclusion indicator
A word that provides a clue to identifying a conclusion.
Conclusion indicators
Therefore, wherefore, thus, consequently, we may infer, accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so, entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result.
Premise indicator
A word that provides a clue to identifying a premise
Premise indicators
Since, as indicated by, because, for, in that, may be inferred from, as given that, seeing that, for the reason that, in as much as, owing to.
Inference
The reasoning process expressed by an argument.
Proposition
The information content of a statement.
Syllogistic logic
The logic that deals with categorical propositions and categorical syllogisms.
Modal Logic
A kind of logic that deals with concepts such as possibility, necessity, belief, and doubt.
