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Kin 163 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does science use

A

Uses tested standards that can be replicated

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2
Q

What about psudo science

A

Pseudo science cannot be tested and is often a general public opinion exaggerated or unprovable claims

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3
Q

What are the key elements of science (7)

A

Reliability

Validity

Internal validity

External validity

Limitations

Delimitations

Statistical significance

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4
Q

Why does Pseudoscience persist

A

Persistent core of DEVOTEES

Popularity is also a factor

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5
Q

What are the principles that support true science

A

Experiments

Controlling bias

Gold standard testing

Experimental group

Control group

Primary research

Basic research

Applied research

Epidemiological research (healthy people 2010)

Correlation studies do not prove

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6
Q

What is validity

A

Do we measure what we are looking to measure

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7
Q

What is internal validity

A

Does the treatment make a difference

Was the experiment done right

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8
Q

What is external validity

A

What does the outcome really mean to the world

Does the same thing happen in different settings

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9
Q

What are limitations

A

Things that researchers cannot control

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10
Q

What are delimitations

A

Things that researchers can control

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11
Q

What is statistical significance

A

Smaller alpha is more accurate, bigger alpha is less accurate - 0.5 %

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12
Q

Experiments can be…

A

Measured and reproduced or verified by others

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13
Q

Gold standard testing is

A

Random samples and assignment

Double blind/placebo,

Experiment and control groups

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14
Q

Primary research is

A

Made available for peer review

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15
Q

What is Basic research

A

Limited

Done in labs

Limited accipability

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16
Q

Wellness is

A

Optimal health and vitality

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17
Q

What are the dimensions of wellness

A

Physical

Emotional

Intellectual

Spiritual

Interpersonal and social

Environmental, or planetary

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18
Q

Infectious diseases are caused by:

When were they the leading cuase of death

A

By invading micro organisms

A century ago

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19
Q

Chronic diseases are caused by:

What is significant about these

A

A variety of lifestyle and other factors

Leading causes of death today

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20
Q

What is there a contemporary concern with

A

Superbugs - resistent strain of bacteria

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21
Q

What are the Leading causes of death overall:

IN ORDER

A

Heart disease

Cancer

Stroke

Chronic lower respiratory diseases

Unintentional injuries

Diabetes

22
Q

What are the postive trends

A

Heart disease and stroke rates are falling

Smoking is down to about 19% of the population

Diets are improving with animal fat consumption down

Life expectancy is up from a decade ago

Years of healthy life to 64 - 122 years old

23
Q

What is the life expectancy in men

A

78 years

24
Q

What is the life expectancy in women

A

80 years

25
Q

What is the life span of humans

A

122 years

26
Q

What is the country that has the longest living people on average

A

Japan

27
Q

What is the Leading causes of death by age: 15 - 25

IN ORDER

A

Unintentional injuries

Homicide

Suicide

Cancer

Heart disease

Congenital defects

HIV/AIDS

28
Q

What is the Leading causes of death by age: 25 - 44

IN ORDER

A

Unintentional injuries

Cancer

Heart disease

Suicide

HIV/AIDS

Homicide

Chronic liver disease

29
Q

What are the national wellness goals

A

US government’s national healthy people initiative sets goals on 10 year agendas

30
Q

Major goals of healthy people 2010:

A

Increase quality and years of healthy life

Eliminate health disparities among Americans

31
Q

Overarching Goals 2020:

A

Attain high quality longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death.

Achieve health quality, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups

Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

Promote quality of life, healthy development, and health behaviours across all life stages

32
Q

What are the Dimensions of diversity

A

Gender
Race
Income
Education

33
Q

What are the Characteristics that contribute to wellness

A

Physically active

Healthy diet

Maintain healthy body weight

Manage stress effectively

Avoid tobacco and drug use and limit alcohol consumption

Protect yourself from disease

34
Q

What are the Negative behaviours

A

Excess time on social networks and other computer time traps

Excess time watching tv = increased risk of obesity and diabetes

Cigarette smoking = about 19%

Low intake of fruits and vegetables = increased risk of heart disease

Lack of sufficient activity **

35
Q

What is cigarette smoking in Santa Clara county

A

11%

36
Q

What are the benefits of physical activity

A

Increased endurance, strength and flexibility

Healthier muscles bones and joints

IMPROVED body composition

More Energy
Improved ability to cope with stress

Reduced risk of dying prematurely from all causes

Reduced risk of developing or dying from heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and colon cancer

Reduced anxiety, tension and depression

37
Q

What are the Actual casuses of death

A

Smoking = 435000 deaths per year

Diet and inactivity = 112000

Alcohol = 85000

Microbial agents = 75000

Toxic agents = 55000

Motor transport = 43000

Firearms

38
Q

Building motivation to change involves:

A

Examine the pros and cons of change

Boost self efficacy

Identify and overcome key barriers to change

Don’t allow time to become your no.1 problem

39
Q

What is self efficacy

A

The belief in ones ability to take action

40
Q

What sub categories of self efficacy

A

Locus of control
Visualisation and self talk
Role models and buddies

41
Q

Locus of control inolves

A

Internal vs external

42
Q

How do you go about Enhancing your readiness to change

A

Precontemplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maintainence

Termination

43
Q

What is Precontemplation

A

No intention of changing behaviour

44
Q

What is Contemplation

A

Intending to take aciton within 6 months

45
Q

What is Preparation

A

planning to take action within a month

46
Q

What is Action

A

Outwardly changing behaviour

47
Q

What is Maintenance

A

Successful behaviour change for 6 months or more

48
Q

How do you go about Putting your plan into action

A

Commitment

Develop strategies for behaviour change

Change friendly environment

Support

Rewards

Way of life

49
Q

What is applied research

A

Live in the real world

With human subjects

Has immediate applicability

50
Q

What is epidemiological research

What are the limitations

A

Research done on distribution and determinants of health and disease in defined populations

They dont indicate cause and effect as they only suggest

51
Q

What is an experimental study

A

A study where study subjects are selected according to relevant characteristics and then random assigned to a control group or experimental group to test for cause and effect

52
Q

What is an observational study

A

Examine specific factors in defined groups of subjects to investigate the relationship between those factors and aspects of health or illness

Kin 163 (17 decks)

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