chapter 1 Flashcards
hunters and gathers
Organized into kin based bands- Societies that gather food by hunting, fishing, and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry. they are mobile, moving seasonally. no fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. (7)
semi sedentary society
.Members combine slash and burn agriculture
occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer then disperse in winter to smaller hunting, fishing, and gathering camps then regathering in spring
Mississippian culture
Native American culture flourished in Mississippi around 850 to 1700 AD
- Maize production mound building, distinctive pottery styles.
- Cahokia was the largest in the communities (Illinois)
Eastern woodlands
Native American culture that extended from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains, to the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico
Most but not all where chiefdoms
Algonquian culture/ languages
A Native american language family whose speakers were widespread int he eastern woodlands, Great lakes and subarctic regions of eastern North America. The Algonquian language family should not be confused with the Algonquians who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact
Iroquoian Culture/language
Native American culture whose language were concentrated in the eastern woodlands. not to be confused with the Iroquois confederacy which was now the upstate New York
Iroquois Confederacy
A league of the 5 Native American nations. The mohawks, oneidas, onondagus, cayugas and senecas, formed probably around 1450 AD
Great Lakes
5 great lakes- Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior. Dominate North America. Compromised the center of continent’s transportation system
Great Plains
Plateau region stretching from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north. bordered on the east on the eastern woodlands and on the west by the rocky mountains. Averages about 20 inches of rainfall a year, primarily grasslands. good for grazing not agricultural
Rocky Mountains
Spans 3000 miles, bordered by Great Plains on the East and Great Basin on the west.
peasants
farm workers in Europe. Some owned land and others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
republic
A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people
Christianity
holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.
Crusades
A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between AD 1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ has lived
Islam
Religion that considers Muhammad to be God’s last prophet. After Muhammad’s death in 632 AD the newly converted Arabs of North Africa used force and fervor to to spread the Muslim faith into Sub- Saharan africa India, Indonesia, Spain and the Balkin regions of Europe
Protestant Reformation
The protestant reformation that began in 1517 with Martin Luther’s critiques of the Roman Catholic Church that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics
Counter Reformation
A reaction in the catholic church triggered by the reformation that sought change from within that created new monastic and missionary orders including the Jesuits who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
plantation systems
A system of production characterized by unfree labor producing cash crops for distant markets
