Chapter 1

Question 1

groups of microbes

Answer 1

algae
bacteria
fungi
helminths
protozoa
viruses

Question 2

endemic

Answer 2

infectious disease regularly found among particular people or in a certain area (e.g. chicken pox)

Question 3

sporadic

Answer 3

infectious disease that is normally absent in a population and occurs as single, isolated cases (e.g. Typhoid in US)

Question 4

epidemic

Answer 4

a widespread occurrence of infectious disease in a community or a particular time (e.g. Ebola)

Question 5

pandemic

Answer 5

infectious disease prevalent over a whole country or the world (e.g. HIV)

Question 6

zoonoses

Answer 6

infectious disease native to animals that spread to humans (e.g. Bird Flu)

Question 7

reasons of re-emerging diseases

Answer 7

increased mobility and travel
vectors
expanding population
food growing processes
contamination of food and water
microbe resistance/adaptation

Question 8

Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 8

single-lens microscope

Question 9

Francesco Redi

Answer 9

biogenesis (meat/fly experiment)

Question 10

Edward Jenner

Answer 10

formation of the vaccine for smallpox

Question 11

Ferdinand Cohn

Answer 11

sterilization (why heat would fail to completely elimiate all microorganims)

Question 12

Robert Koch

Answer 12

linked microbes to specific diseases

Question 13

Joseph Lister

Answer 13

aseptic techniques which reduced microbes in a medical setting

Question 14

Louis Pasteur

Answer 14

developed pasteurization
vaccines for rabies and anthrax
clarified the action of microbes in wine/beer fermentation
Germ Theory of Disease: human disease arose from infectious agents

Question 15

systematics

Answer 15

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 16

taxonomy

Answer 16

organizing, classifying and naming living things

Question 17

taxa hierarchy

Answer 17

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species