chapter 1 Flashcards
chapter 1
meaning of anatomy?
Study of the body structure
meaning of physiology
study of the body functions
Histo
tissues
gross
visible to the eye
ology
study of
micro
microscopic
6 levels of structural organization
Chemical cellular tissue organ system organism
cells
Basic structural and functional unit of life
tissues
groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function
organs
several different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
11 systems
digestive system respiratory system reproductive system muscular system nervous system skeletal system Integumentary System Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Urinary System
Integumentary System
Skin and associated structures, such as hair, fingernails and toenails, sweat glands, and oil glands. even protects body
muscular system
skeletal muscles
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory system
Endocrine system
hormone- producing cells and glands
cardiovascular system
heart, blood, and blood vessels
Lymphatic system
lymphatic organs, lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes,
and leukocytes
respiratory system
upper and lower respiratory tracts, the trachea, bronchi, and the lungs
digestive system
Gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs
Urinary system
kidneys, ureters , bladder, and urethra.
reproductive system
ovaries, uterus and vagina in the female
testes and penis in the male
Define the 6 important life processes of the human body.
metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, Differentiation, reproduction
Homeostasis
the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment. it responds to changing conditions
external
outside the body
internal
inside the body
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
fluids inside the cells
extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluids outside the cell
Interstitial fluid
between cells and tissues
blood plasma
ECF within blood vessels
lymph
ECF within lymphatic vessels
The feedback system
- Receptor which monitors the change.
- control center which Sets range, evaluates change, and generates output. Basically, try to find a solution for the change
- Effector, which receives output from the control center then produces the response
Negative feedback
usual response
stabilizing
Response is in opposite direction of stimulus
example: blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugar
Positive feedback
generally not normal
could be harmful
Response is in same direction as stimulus
Example: Shock, hypertension. Labor during birth
anatomical position
standing upright and straight, arms lateral on your side, palms face forward and thus outward, feet face forward
Frontal
forehead
Nasal
nose
ocular
eyes
otic
ears
cephalic
head
cervical
neck
brachial
arms
oral
mouth
carpal
wrist
coxal
hips
digital or phalanges
fingers and toes
manual
hand
buccal
cheeks
pollex
thumbs
crural
legs
tarsal
ankle
pedal
foot
dorsum
top of the foot
Haxxul
great toes
antebrachial
forearm
sternal
breastbone
axillary
armpits
facial
face
cranial
skull
palmar or volar
palm
Femoral
thigh
Patellar
knee
Mental
chin
temporal
temple
mammary
breast
umbilical (body name)
navel
pelvic
pelvis
pubic
pubis
inguinal
groin
calcaneal
heel
sural
calf
Gluteal
buttocks
scapular
shoulder baldes
vertebral
spinal column
sacral
between hips
plantar
sole
thoracic
chest
supine
body laid flat face up
prone
body laid face down
Anterior (Ventral)
front view
posterior (Dorsal)
back view
superficial
occurring outside the skin
deep
occurring within the skin
visceral
touches the organ
partital
does not touch the organ
frontal plane
plane that gives a view of the front and back
midsagittal plane
left and right view (cuts equal parts)
para sagittal plane
cuts left and right but unequal parts
transverse plane
cut to view top and bottom
the 2 major body cavities
dorsal and ventral
dorsal cavity
cranial cavity
vertebral canal
where is your brain located?
in the cranial cavity
Ventral cavity
thoracic cavity, diaphragm and abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm
separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal and pelvic cavity
Thoracic body has the?
mediastinum
pericardial cavity
left and right pleural cavities
mediastinum
is where the heart sits
pericardial cavity
is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
left and right pleural cavities
pleural means lungs, the left and right pleural cavities means that each lung has its own cavity
where is our spinal cord located?
in our vertebral canal
skeletal system
bones and joints
bacteria
single cells
humans
many different kinds of cells
system
related organs with a common function
organism
independent functioning being
Right Hypochondriac
upper right of the Abdominopelvic Regions containing the liver, gallbladder and Large intestines
Epigastric
upper Abdominopelvic Regions between the right hypochondriac and left hypochondriac regions contains the liver, stomach and large intestines
Left Hypochondriac
upper left of the Abdominopelvic Regions containing the stomach large intestine
Right Lumber
in the middle right of the Abdominopelvic Regions containing the large Intestine
Umbilical
middle of the Abdominopelvic Region containing the small intestine
Left Lumber
middle left of the Abdominopelvic Region containing large intestines
Right Lliac
Bottom right of the Abdominopelvic Region contains the large intestine and appendix
Hypogastric
Bottom middle of the Abdominopelvic Region contains the urinary bladder, uterus and large intestines
Left Lliac
bottom left of the Abdominopelvic Region contains the large intestine.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
our body has to use atp and the body main source of energy
