CHAPTER 1

Question 1

Define Psychology

Answer 1

The discipline concerned with behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.

Question 2

Basic Psychological Research

Answer 2

Pure research conducted to seek knowledge for its own sake.

Question 3

Applied Psychological Research

Answer 3

Finds practical uses for the knowledge gained from research

Question 4

Psychology and Mental Health - Counselling

Answer 4

Help with everyday problems – not the same as a counsellor (who may not have any credentials)

Question 5

Psychology and Mental Health - School

Answer 5

work with parents and teachers to understand learning or behaviour problems – requires masters

Question 6

Psychology and Mental Health - Clinical

Answer 6

diagnose, treat, study mental and emotional problems

Question 7

Psychotherapist

Answer 7

anybody that is trained to deliver mental health therapy (physician, psychologist, MSW)

Question 8

Psychoanalyst

Answer 8

trained in and practice psychoanalysis – Frued’s Tradition

Question 9

Psychiatrist

Answer 9

Licensed medical doctors who diagnose and treat mental disorders

Question 10

Empirical Evidence

Answer 10

Relying on or derived from observation, or measurement.

Question 11

Psychobabble

Answer 11

Pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological and scientific-sounding language

Question 12

Critical Thinking

Answer 12

The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or anecdote.

Question 13

Occam’s Razor

Answer 13

The principle of a critical thinker choosing one explanation of a phenomenon after several have been generated and one accounts for the most evidence while making the fewest unverified assumptions

Question 14

Phrenology

Answer 14

The now discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific character, and personality traits, which can be ‘read’ from bumps on the skull.

Question 15

Structuralism

Answer 15

An early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements.

Question 16

Functionalism

Answer 16

An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behaviour and consciousness.

Question 17

Psychoanalysis

Answer 17

A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts

Question 18

Biological Perspective

Answer 18

A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts

Question 19

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 19

A field of psychology emphasizing evolutionary mechanisms that may help explain human commonalities in cognition, development, emotion, social practices, and other areas of behaviour

Question 20

Learning Perspective

Answer 20

A psychological approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person’s or animal’s actions; it includes behaviourism and social-cognitive learning theories.

Question 21

Behaviourism

Answer 21

An approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behaviour and the role of the environment and priori experience as determinants of behaviour.

Question 22

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 22

A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behaviour

Question 23

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 23

A psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behaviour.

Question 24

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 24

A psychological approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy

Question 25

Humanist Psychology

Answer 25

A psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential rather that the scientific understanding and assessment of behaviour.

Question 26

Feminist Psychology

Answer 26

A psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behaviour of the two sexes.

Question 27

Psychological Practice

Answer 27

Providing health or mental-health services.

Question 28

Basic Psychology

Answer 28

The study issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application

Question 29

Applied Psychology

Answer 29

The study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance; also, the application of psychological findings