Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Criminal Justice?
Crime
Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal gov’t or local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Individual-Rights Advocates
Seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights..
Public-Order Advocates
Believe that protecting society should take precedence over individual rights.
Justice
principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equality
Social Justice
fundamental notions of fairness and cultural beliefs of right vs. wrong
Civil Justices
A component of social justice concerned with fairness in relation between citizens, gov’t agencies, and businesses in private matters.
Criminal Justice
Aspects of social justice concerned with criminal law.j
Consensus Model
- Justice system components work together to achieve justice
- Criticized for implying more organization and cooperation than actually exists
Conflict Model
Justice system components function to serve their own interests
–Justice results from conflict rather than cooperation
-agencies in conflict with each other
Investigation
Evidence collected, reconstruction of criminal event, attempts to identify suspects.
Warrant
Issued by Judge, provides legal basis for apprehension of suspects by police.
American Criminal Justice Process
Arrest, Booking, First Appearance, Preliminary Hearing, Information/Indictment, Arraignment, Adjudication, Sentencing, Corrections, Re-Entry
Due Process
Procedural fairness, Underlies the Bill of Rights, Guaranteed by the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendments, Set in the 1960’s by the Warren Court
Crime-control Model
Emphasizes the efficient arrest and convictions of offenders.
Multiculturalism
Describes society with diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while accepting and participating in the larger society’s legal and political systems.
Components of the American Justice System
–Police
–Court
–Correctional Agencies
1960’s
- Civil Rights Movements
- Dramatic increase in crime
1970’s
-Reports of violent crime increase (murder, rape, assault)
1980’s
-Increase drug crimes
1990’s
-Growing emphasis on crime and punishment
Patriot Act
- 2001
- Passed as result of 9/11 because of increased investigative authority
What 3 aspects are addressed in the concept “criminal justice”?
- protection of the innocent
- fair treatment of offenders
- fair play by agencies of law enforcement, courts and corrections
Investigation
Gather the evidence
Warrent
To either arrest or search someone
Arrest
Take someone into custody
Booking
mugshot
background info
fingerprints
First Appearance
Judge will tell them what they are charged with, what their rights are, and if they are eligible for bail.
Preliminary Hearing
Discuss probable cause that they committed a specific crime.
Infor/Indictment
Either plead guilty or grand jury says their is probable cause this person committed a crime.
Arraignment
Individual asked to enter a plea (guilty/not guilty)
Adjudication
Trial
Sentencing
Judge hands down punishment.
Corrections (incarceration)
Prison or Jail
Reentry
Released back into public, parole
Miranda Rights
The rights an officer must tell you before/during arrest
What role does the grand jury play in the criminal justice system?
looks at evidence and makes decision if their is probable cause to believe if somebody committed a crime
Due Process
Procedural fairness.
Science of Criminology
A scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders.
