Chapter 1

Question 1

Crime

Answer 1

Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal gov’t or local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.

Question 2

Individual-Rights Advocates

Answer 2

Seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights..

Question 3

Public-Order Advocates

Answer 3

Believe that protecting society should take precedence over individual rights.

Question 4

Justice

Answer 4

principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equality

Question 5

Social Justice

Answer 5

fundamental notions of fairness and cultural beliefs of right vs. wrong

Question 6

Civil Justices

Answer 6

A component of social justice concerned with fairness in relation between citizens, gov’t agencies, and businesses in private matters.

Question 7

Criminal Justice

Answer 7

Aspects of social justice concerned with criminal law.j

Question 8

Consensus Model

Answer 8

• Justice system components work together to achieve justice

- Criticized for implying more organization and cooperation than actually exists

Question 9

Conflict Model

Answer 9

Justice system components function to serve their own interests
–Justice results from conflict rather than cooperation
-agencies in conflict with each other

Question 10

Investigation

Answer 10

Evidence collected, reconstruction of criminal event, attempts to identify suspects.

Question 11

Warrant

Answer 11

Issued by Judge, provides legal basis for apprehension of suspects by police.

Question 12

American Criminal Justice Process

Answer 12

Arrest, Booking, First Appearance, Preliminary Hearing, Information/Indictment, Arraignment, Adjudication, Sentencing, Corrections, Re-Entry

Question 13

Due Process

Answer 13

Procedural fairness, Underlies the Bill of Rights, Guaranteed by the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendments, Set in the 1960’s by the Warren Court

Question 14

Crime-control Model

Answer 14

Emphasizes the efficient arrest and convictions of offenders.

Question 15

Multiculturalism

Answer 15

Describes society with diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while accepting and participating in the larger society’s legal and political systems.

Question 16

Components of the American Justice System

Answer 16

–Police
–Court
–Correctional Agencies

Question 17

1960’s

Answer 17

• Civil Rights Movements

- Dramatic increase in crime

Question 18

1970’s

Answer 18

-Reports of violent crime increase (murder, rape, assault)

Question 19

1980’s

Answer 19

-Increase drug crimes

Question 20

1990’s

Answer 20

-Growing emphasis on crime and punishment

Question 21

Patriot Act

Answer 21

• 2001

- Passed as result of 9/11 because of increased investigative authority

Question 22

What 3 aspects are addressed in the concept “criminal justice”?

Answer 22

• protection of the innocent
• fair treatment of offenders
• fair play by agencies of law enforcement, courts and corrections

Question 23

Investigation

Answer 23

Gather the evidence

Question 24

Warrent

Answer 24

To either arrest or search someone

Question 25

Arrest

Answer 25

Take someone into custody

Question 26

Booking

Answer 26

mugshot background info fingerprints

Question 27

First Appearance

Answer 27

Judge will tell them what they are charged with, what their rights are, and if they are eligible for bail.

Question 28

Preliminary Hearing

Answer 28

Discuss probable cause that they committed a specific crime.

Question 29

Infor/Indictment

Answer 29

Either plead guilty or grand jury says their is probable cause this person committed a crime.

Question 30

Arraignment

Answer 30

Individual asked to enter a plea (guilty/not guilty)

Question 31

Adjudication

Answer 31

Trial

Question 32

Sentencing

Answer 32

Judge hands down punishment.

Question 33

Corrections (incarceration)

Answer 33

Prison or Jail

Question 34

Reentry

Answer 34

Released back into public, parole

Question 35

Miranda Rights

Answer 35

The rights an officer must tell you before/during arrest

Question 36

What role does the grand jury play in the criminal justice system?

Answer 36

looks at evidence and makes decision if their is probable cause to believe if somebody committed a crime

Question 37

Due Process

Answer 37

Procedural fairness.

Question 38

Science of Criminology

Answer 38

A scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders.