Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Criminal Justice?
Crime
Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal gov’t or local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Individual-Rights Advocates
Seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights..
Public-Order Advocates
Believe that protecting society should take precedence over individual rights.
Justice
principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equality
Social Justice
fundamental notions of fairness and cultural beliefs of right vs. wrong
Civil Justices
A component of social justice concerned with fairness in relation between citizens, gov’t agencies, and businesses in private matters.
Criminal Justice
Aspects of social justice concerned with criminal law.j
Consensus Model
- Justice system components work together to achieve justice
- Criticized for implying more organization and cooperation than actually exists
Conflict Model
Justice system components function to serve their own interests
–Justice results from conflict rather than cooperation
-agencies in conflict with each other
Investigation
Evidence collected, reconstruction of criminal event, attempts to identify suspects.
Warrant
Issued by Judge, provides legal basis for apprehension of suspects by police.
American Criminal Justice Process
Arrest, Booking, First Appearance, Preliminary Hearing, Information/Indictment, Arraignment, Adjudication, Sentencing, Corrections, Re-Entry
Due Process
Procedural fairness, Underlies the Bill of Rights, Guaranteed by the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendments, Set in the 1960’s by the Warren Court
Crime-control Model
Emphasizes the efficient arrest and convictions of offenders.
Multiculturalism
Describes society with diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while accepting and participating in the larger society’s legal and political systems.
