Chapter 1 Flashcards
Critical thinking
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments but examines potential bias and source.
Empiricism
The idea that knowledge is a result of experience developed through observation and experimentation.
Wilhelm Wundt
First Psychology lab (Leipzig)
Edward Tichner
Founded Structuralism
Structuralism
Tried to identify the elements of the mind (like periodic table) One of the original schools of thought.
Introspection
A part of structuralism, focuses on looking inward to observe your own psych processes.
William James
Made one of the first psychology textbooks, founded functionalism.
Functionalism
How mental processes function in order for an organism to adapt.
Mary Calkins
First female president of the APA (Will James’ student)
Margaret Floy Washburn
First female PhD in psych. Student of Ed Tichner.
Behavior psychology
Scientific study of observable behavior. Often involved rewards or punishments
Biological psychology
Study of links between biological and psych processes. May focus on chemical balance or nervous system.
Psychodynamic psychology
Studies how the unconscious influences behavior (Freud)
Social-cultural psychology
Studies how social and culture impact individuals.
Humanistic psychology
Encourages growth potential and reaching goals. Study primarily successful people
Cognitive psychology
How memory, learning and perceiving effect things.
Evolutionary psychology
Study of behavior and mind using natural selection
Cognitive neuroscience
Inner study of brain activity linked with thoughts and perceptions.
Psychology
Study of behavior and mental processes of humans/animals.
Nature-nurture issue
Whether knowledge is inherited or gained through experience.
Natural selection
The organism with the strongest traits survives.
Behavior genetics
Study of genetic and environmental i fluentes on behavior
Culture
Behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values shared by people from one generation from the next.
Positive psychology
Study that explores building a good life in order to thrive.
Biopsychosocial approach
Incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural aspects.
Psychometrics
Study of the erasure meant of human abilities, attitudes, traits.
Basic research
Pure science that aims to increase knowledge base.
Developmental psychology
Studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life.
Educational psychology
Psychology focused on education and enhancing learning.
Personality psychology
Study of individuals characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Social psychology
Study’s how we think about, influence, and relate to each other. Human interaction.
Applied research
Trying to solve practical real world problems with science
Industrial-organizational psychology
A branch that tries to optimize behavior in workplaces.
Human factors psychology
Explores how machines and humans interact. May work on building designs to make them friendly/safe/happy.
Counseling psychology
Focuses on assisting people who are stuck in achieving wellbeing. Temporary k everyday problems.
Clinical psychology
Studies, assesses, treats people with disorders. Can’t prescribe medicine.
Psychiatry
Person who helps people with disorders, can prescribe medicines.
Community psychology
Studies how people interact with their community environment
