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Introduction to Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the english translation to the greek word “Psyche” translation?

A

mind or soul

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2
Q

What is the english translation to “logos”?

A

word

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3
Q

What is psychology?

A

the systematic study of behavior and experience

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4
Q

What does the word experience do?

A

talk about what you perceive without the mind being considered separated from the physical body

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5
Q

What is meant by Free Will?

A

behavior is caused by a person’s independent decisions

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6
Q

What is meant by determinism?

A

everything that happens has a cause, a determinant, thtat can be observed or measured

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7
Q

What is meant by monism?

A

conscious experience is inseparable from the physical mind

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8
Q

What is meant by dualism?

A

the mind is separate from the brain, controls the brain and the body

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9
Q

What is the mind-brain problem?

A

how experience relates to the brain

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10
Q

What is the nature-nurture issue

A

the relationship between differences in behavior to heredity and environment

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11
Q

What kind of degrees does a clinical psychologist have?

A

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
a specialty in understanding and helping people with psychological problems

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12
Q

What do Clinal Psychologist do?

A

try to understand why a person is having problems and help them overcome the difficulties. Help people with emotional distress such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse

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13
Q

What is Psychiatry?

A

a branch of medicine that deals with mental disorders

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14
Q

What kind of degrees does a psychiatrist have?

A

Medical Doctor (MD) with a four year residency

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15
Q

What do psychiatrists do?

A

Check the effectiveness of a drug used to treat a severe disorder.
Evaluate the side effects of a drug

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16
Q

What do Psychoanalysts do?

A

Attempt to uncover the hidden, unconscious, and symbolic meaning behind peoples words and actions. (Sigmund Freud)

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17
Q

What kind of degrees does a psychoanalyst have?

A

same as Psychiatry or Clinical Psychology plus four years at a psychoanalytic institute

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18
Q

What kind of degree does a clinical social worker have?

A

a masters degree in social work with a specialization in psychological problems

19
Q

What kind of degree does a Counseling psychologist have?

A

a PhD, a PsyD, or EdD

20
Q

What does a clinical social worker do?

A

Similar to a clinal psychologist

21
Q

What does a counseling psychologist do?

A

try to help people with their life issues such as career, family marriages, health

22
Q

What do forensic psychologist do?

A

they provide advice and/or consultation to police, lawyers and courts. They are clinical or counseling psychologists

23
Q

What type of evidence supports monism?

A

Every type of mental activity is associated with some type of measurable brain activity, Brain damage leads to a deficit in behavior or experience.

24
Q

What are three general points about Psychology?

A
  1. It Depends
  2. Research Progress Depends on Good Measurement
  3. Some conclusions reflect Stronger evidence than others
25
Q

What does “It depends” mean?

A

Many factors influence behavior and experience

26
Q

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

A

study of people at work to optimize a workplace

27
Q

What does an ergonomist?

A

attempts to facilitate the operation of equipment so that ordinary people can use it safely and easily

28
Q

What is the principle of compatibility?

A

people’s built in or acquired expectations enable them to learn certain procedures easily than others

29
Q

What is developmental Psychology?

A

the study of behavior that are typical of different ages. Also, the study of how behavior changes over lifespan.

30
Q

What is learning and motivation?

A

how behavior depends on the outcome of past behaviors; how behavior is influenced by current motivations; how consequences modify subsequent behaviorr

31
Q

Biological Psychology

A

try to explain behavior in terms of electrical and chemical activities in the nervous system; the effects of drugs and hormones and genetics

32
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

explain behavior in terms of evolutionary history of the species

33
Q

What is social psychology?

A

behavior is influenced by the expectations of those around them; c

34
Q

What is cross cultural psychology?

A

compare the behavior of people from different cultures

35
Q

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

A

first psychological laboratory

studied conscious experience by collecting data based on introspection in reaction to different stimuli

36
Q

Who is Edward Titchener?

A

Structuralism - what are the components of experience or mind
student of Wundt (could not check the accuracy of the description given by subjects

37
Q

Who is William James?

A

Functionalism - How does the mind produce useful behaviors

38
Q

Who is Darwin?

A

Theory of Natural selection - humans and other species had basic features in common

39
Q

What is a comparative psychologist?

A

they compare the different behavior of different animal species

40
Q

What is the delayed response problem?

A

animal is delayed to see how long he remembers the signal

41
Q

What is the detour problem?

A

test to see if animal will take a detour to get to food t reach it

42
Q

What is Behaviorism?

A

describing, predicting, and controlling observable measurable behaviors and not mental processes (can only be inferred)

43
Q

Who is James Watson?

A

Behaviorism

44
Q

Who is Sigmund Freud?

A

Austrian psychiatrist whose theory centered around the hidden unconscious that influences mental processes and behaviors and behavior (contrast to behaviorism)

Introduction to Psychology (4 decks)

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