CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Homeostasis
ability to maintain dynamic constancy, balance or state of equilibrium internally despite external variations
Variable
the factor or event being changed
Stimulus
the factors producing change
Receptor- monitors
detects change
Control Center- determines set point
determines where things should be and what needs to be done to fix it. Then tells effector to fix it.
Effector
provides means to respond
Negative Feedback Mechanism
the output/ response shuts off the original stimulus
Ex: high blood glucose level results in the pancreas secreting insulin (pulling sugar out of the blood stream). It stores the sugar in the body as glycogen.
Low blood pressure and the pancreas releases glucagon to reverse the process
Positive Feedback Mechanism
the output/response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
Ex: Blood clotting- platelets patch the hole , causing them to release a chemical calling more platelets to come and patch the hole. etc.
Homeostatic Imbalance
deterioration: most diseases, aging, something wrong within the body
Anatomical Position
Body erect
Feet slightly apart and facing forward
Palms facing forward
Thumbs pointing away from the body
Superior (cranial)
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or body; above
Inferior (caudal)
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or body; below
Anterior (ventral)
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Posterior (dorsal)
toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial
toward or at the middle of the body; on the inner side of
Ex: heart medial to arms
Lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
Ex: arms lateral to chest
Intermediate
between one or more medial and a more lateral structure.
Ex: collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder
Proximal (used only for limbs)
closer to the origin of a body part or point of attachment of a limb to a body trunk.
Ex: elbow proximal to wrist
Distal (used only for limbs)
farther from the origin of a body part or pint of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Ex: knee is distal to the thigh
