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A&P1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of planes

A 
Sagittal 
Midsagittal (median)(midline)
Parasagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (cross sectional)(horizontal)(transumbilical)
Oblique
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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical - right and left sides

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3
Q

Midsagittal plane
Median
Midline

A

Passes through midline - equal left and right sides

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4
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Parallel line - unequal left and right sides

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5
Q

Frontal plane

Coronal

A

Anterior and posterior portions

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6
Q

Transverse plane
Cross sectional
Transumbilical
Horizontal

A

Superior and inferior portions

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7
Q

Oblique plane

A

Any angle other than 90 degrees

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8
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavity

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9
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Contains pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, mediastinum

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10
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Holds brain, formed by skull

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11
Q

Ventral body cavities

A

Contains Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Organs called viscera, organs covered with serous membrane

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12
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Contains Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Meninges line dorsal cavity

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13
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Contains Spinal cord, formed by vertebral column

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14
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A 
Right hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Right inguinal region
Epigastric region
Umbilical region
Hypogastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Left lumbar region
Left inguinal region
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15
Q

Abdominopelvic region lines

A

Subcostal
Transtubercular
Mudclavicular

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16
Q

Subcostal line

A

Top horizontal line, drawn just inferior to the rib cage, across the inferior portion of the stomach

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17
Q

Transtubercular line

A

Bottom horizontal line drawn just inferior to the tops of the hip bones

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18
Q

Midclavicular line

A

Two vertical lines, left and right, drawn through the midpoints of the clavicles, just medial to the nipples

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19
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head, upper part of a structure

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20
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head, lower part of a structure

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21
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body

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22
Q

Posterior

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

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23
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline

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24
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the midline

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25
Q

Intermediate

A

Between 2 structures

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26
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body as another structure

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27
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body from another structure

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28
Q

Systems of the human body

A 
Endocrine
Muscular
Nervous
Lymphatic
Skeletal
Urinary
Reproductive 
Cardiovascular
Integumentary 
Digestive
Respiratory
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29
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the origination of a structure

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

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30
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origination of a structure

Farther from attachment of a limb to the trunk

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31
Q

Cephalic - cranial

A

Toward the head

upper part of a structure

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32
Q

Caudal

A

Away from the head

lower part of a structure

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33
Q

Ventral

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body

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34
Q

Dorsal

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

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35
Q

Superficial

A

External

Toward or on the surface of the body

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36
Q

Deep

A

Internal

Away from the surface of the body

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37
Q

6 life processes

A 
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction
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38
Q

Metabolism

A

All the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism

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39
Q

Catabolism

A

The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

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40
Q

Anabolism

A

The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components

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41
Q

Homeostasis

A

The state of relative stability of the body’s internal environment

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42
Q

Stress

A

The mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment

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43
Q

Anatomical levels of organization within the human body

A 
Chemical -atoms & molecules
Cell
Tissue
Organs
System-organs work together with common function
Organism-any living thing
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44
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing facing observer, eyes forward, feet flat and directed forward, upper limbs at side, palms facing forward

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45
Q

Supine position

A

Lying face up

46
Q

Prone position

A

Lying face down

47
Q

Trunk

A

Includes chest abdomen & pelvis

48
Q

Membrane

A

Thin pliable tissue that covers lines partitions or connects structures

49
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Lining a space that opens to the outside

Example oral cavity

50
Q

Serous membrane

A

Lines a body cavity that does not directly open to the exterior and it converts the organs within the cavity

51
Q

Layers of serous membrane

A

Parietal - lining cavity wall

Visceral - adheres to organ

52
Q

Pleura

A

Lining the thoracic cavity and covering the lungs

53
Q

Pericardium

A

Lines chest wall and covers surface of the heart

54
Q

Peritoneum

A

Covers abdominal visceras and lines the abdominal wall

55
Q

Feedback loop system

A

Stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a controlled condition that is monitored by receptors that send input to a control center that provides output to effectors that bring about a change or response that alters the controlled condition

56
Q

Negative feedback system

A

Reverses a change in a controlled condition

57
Q

Positive feedback system

A

Strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition

58
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

59
Q

Facial

A

Face

60
Q

Head

A

Cephalic

61
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

62
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

63
Q

Arm

A

Brachial

64
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

65
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

66
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

67
Q

Palm

A

Palmar

Volar

68
Q

Fingers

A

Digital

Phalangeal

69
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

70
Q

Patellar

A

Anterior surface of the knee

71
Q

Chest

A

Thoracic

72
Q

Breast

A

Mammary

73
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

74
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

75
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomen

76
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

77
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

78
Q

Thumb

A

Pollex

79
Q

Manual

A

Hand

80
Q

Pubis

A

Pubic

81
Q

Top of foot

A

Dorsum

82
Q

Great toe

A

Hallux

83
Q

Occipital

A

Base of skull

84
Q

Shoulder

A

Acromial

85
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

86
Q

Spinal column

A

Vertebral

87
Q

Olecranal

Cubital

A

Back of elbow

88
Q

Between hips

A

Sacral

89
Q

Tailbone

A

Coccygeal

90
Q

Buttock

A

Gluteal

91
Q

Loin

A

Lumbar

92
Q

Region between anus and external genitals

A

Perineal

93
Q

Hollow behind knee

A

Popliteal

94
Q

Calf

A

Sural

95
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

96
Q

Dorsum

A

Back of hand

97
Q

Heel

A

Calcaneal

98
Q

Crural

A

Leg

99
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

100
Q

Toes

A

Digital

Phalangeal

101
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

102
Q

Forehead

A

Frontal

103
Q

Temporal

A

Temple

104
Q

Eye

A

Orbital

Ocular

105
Q

Ear

A

Otic

106
Q

Cheek

A

Buccal

107
Q

Nose

A

Nasal

108
Q

Mouth

A

Oral

109
Q

Chin

A

Mental

110
Q

Breastbone

A

Sternal

A&P1 (2 decks)

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