Chapter 1

Question 1

microscopic particles that represent the smallest unit of matter with the properties of an element

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter

Answer 2

atoms

Question 3

free ______ are rare in nature

Answer 3

atoms

Question 4

are combinations of atoms bound together in specific geometric arrangements

Answer 4

molecules

Question 5

carbon monoxide is made up of

Answer 5

1 carbon and 1 oxygen

Question 6

hydrogen peroxide is made up of

Answer 6

2 oxygen and 2 hydrogen

Question 7

the properties of the substances around us depend on the ____ and _____ that compose them

Answer 7

atoms and molecules

Question 8

scientific knowledge is ______

Answer 8

empirical

Question 9

based on observation and experiments

Answer 9

empirical

Question 10

a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations

Answer 10

hypothesis

Question 11

should be falsifiable

Answer 11

hypothesis

Question 12

highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that can confirm or refute a hypothesis

Answer 12

experiments

Question 13

a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predict future ones

Answer 13

scientific law

Question 14

the law of conservation of mass states: in a chemical reaction, matter is neither

Answer 14

created nor destroyed

Question 15

a model for the way nature is that attempts to explain not remedy what nature does, but why.

Answer 15

scientific theory

Question 16

dalton’s atomic theory proposed that matter is composed of

Answer 16

small, indestructible atoms that rearrange during chemical changes such that the total amount of mass remains constant.

Question 17

theories can be supported by ________, but they can never _____

Answer 17

experimental data but they can never be conclusively proven

Question 18

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 18

matter

Question 19

if matter has a variable composition it is

Answer 19

a mixture

Question 20

if matter does not have a variable composition it is

Answer 20

a pure substance

Question 21

if a pure substance can separate into simpler substances it is a

Answer 21

compound

Question 22

if a pure substance cannot separate into simpler substances it is an

Answer 22

element

Question 23

if a mixture is uniform throughout its is

Answer 23

homogenous

Question 24

if a mixture is not uniform throughout it is

Answer 24

heterogenous

Question 25

example of an element

Answer 25

helium

Question 26

example of a compound

Answer 26

pure water

Question 27

example of a heterogeneous mixtrue

Answer 27

wet sand

Question 28

example of a homogenous mixture

Answer 28

tea with sugar

Question 29

are those composed of only a single type of atom or molecule

Answer 29

pure substances

Question 30

are composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in variable proportions

Answer 30

mixtures

Question 31

alter only state or appearance but not composition

Answer 31

physical changes

Question 32

alter the composition of matter, atoms rearrange, transforming the original substances into different substances

Answer 32

chemical changes

Question 33

properties that substances display without changing their composition

Answer 33

physical properties

Question 34

those that substances display only by changing composition via chemical change

Answer 34

chemical properties

Question 35

examples of compositions

Answer 35

odor, tase, color, melting point, density

Question 36

examples of chemical changes

Answer 36

corrosiveness, flammability, toxicity, acidity

Question 37

scientists use the

Answer 37

international system of units (SI) which is based on the metric system

Question 38

allows us to express very large or very small quantities in a compact way by using negative and positive exponents

Answer 38

scientific notation

Question 39

are combinations of other units

Answer 39

derived units

Question 40

examples of derived units

Answer 40

speed (m/s)
volume
density (mass/volume)

Question 41

those that are independent of the amount of substance

Answer 41

intensive properties

Question 42

example of intensive properities

Answer 42

density

Question 43

those that are dependent on the amount of substances

Answer 43

extensive properties

Question 44

examples of extensive properties

Answer 44

volume, mass

Question 45

refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value

Answer 45

accuracy

Question 46

refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are

Answer 46

precision