Chapter 1 Flashcards
microscopic particles that represent the smallest unit of matter with the properties of an element
atoms
fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter
atoms
free ______ are rare in nature
atoms
are combinations of atoms bound together in specific geometric arrangements
molecules
carbon monoxide is made up of
1 carbon and 1 oxygen
hydrogen peroxide is made up of
2 oxygen and 2 hydrogen
the properties of the substances around us depend on the ____ and _____ that compose them
atoms and molecules
scientific knowledge is ______
empirical
based on observation and experiments
empirical
a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations
hypothesis
should be falsifiable
hypothesis
highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that can confirm or refute a hypothesis
experiments
a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predict future ones
scientific law
the law of conservation of mass states: in a chemical reaction, matter is neither
created nor destroyed
a model for the way nature is that attempts to explain not remedy what nature does, but why.
scientific theory
dalton’s atomic theory proposed that matter is composed of
small, indestructible atoms that rearrange during chemical changes such that the total amount of mass remains constant.
theories can be supported by ________, but they can never _____
experimental data but they can never be conclusively proven
anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
if matter has a variable composition it is
a mixture
if matter does not have a variable composition it is
a pure substance
if a pure substance can separate into simpler substances it is a
compound
if a pure substance cannot separate into simpler substances it is an
element
if a mixture is uniform throughout its is
homogenous
if a mixture is not uniform throughout it is
heterogenous
