Chapter 1

Question 1

Plasticity

Answer 1

The concept that in the immature brain some functional areas are not established and that unestablished areas may assume any one of a variety of functions.

Question 2

Travis:

Answer 2

First identified stuttering to be the result of brain dysfunction, specifically the imbalance between the two hemispheres.

Question 3

Pinker:

Answer 3

Synthezised the linguistic and nerologic bases of language

Question 4

computed tomography (CT)

Answer 4

X-ray imaging technique in which the brain is viewed at different depths; the various views are correlated by computer to show structural lesions in the brain.

Question 5

aphasia

Answer 5

Acquired disorder of language caused by brain damage; may affect comprehension or expression of language and any modality (Spoken, written, or gestural language)

Question 6

Carl Wernicke:

Answer 6

Identified an auditory center for speech associate with comprehension of speech, opposing Broca, who identified the expressive center.

Question 7

Chomsky:

Answer 7

Language is innate and implies a biologic, neurologic, and genetic basis for language.

Question 8

Goodglass and Kaplan:

Answer 8

Neuropsychologists and students of Geshwind

Question 9

Liepmann:

Answer 9

First to identify the apraxias of motor execution

Question 10

asymmetry

Answer 10

Disproportion or inequality between two corresponding parts around the center of an axis.

Question 11

Lenneberg:

Answer 11

Wrote “The Biological Foundations of Langage in January 15, 1967

Question 12

behavioral neurology

Answer 12

A specialty in neurology emphasizing clinical and research skills in neurodegenerative diseases and neuralbehavioral syndromes.

Question 13

association fiber tracts

Answer 13

The fiber bundles that form connections between and within the association areas of the brain.

Question 14

2004

Answer 14

New ASHA clinical and academic standards

Question 15

dorsal

Answer 15

Pertaining to the back; posterior.

Question 16

cephalic

Answer 16

of or relating to the head; directed towards or situated on, in, or near the head.

Question 17

rostral

Answer 17

Toward the nasal or an oral regions; superior in relation to the spinal cord and anterior in relation to the brain.

Question 18

Ogle:

Answer 18

Identified a writing center in the brain independent of Broca’s area.

Question 19

The first textbook of language disorders in the field of speech pathology:

Answer 19

Wepman’s “Recovery from Aphasia”

Question 20

Penfield:

Answer 20

First to use cortical mapping for identifying areas of language and speech functions in the brain

Question 21

localization of function

Answer 21

A particular structure in the nervous system assigned to a specific function (E.G., Broca’s area is the localized area for language expression).

Question 22

ventral

Answer 22

Toward the belly or abdomen opposite of dorsal.

Question 23

Geschwind influenced these 3 fields:

Answer 23

Linguistics
Psychology
Philosophy

Question 24

Frontal Lobe

Answer 24

Language and speech expression

Question 25

Freud:

Answer 25

First to identify cortical sensory areas or agnosias.

Question 26

Noam Chomsky:

Answer 26

First international linguist to correlate language and speech with brain functioning.

Question 27

ASHA membership in 2013

Answer 27

more than 173,000

Question 28

2005

Answer 28

IDEA was reauthorized

Question 29

1990

Answer 29

Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 30

2008

Answer 30

Revised ASH clinical and academic standards

Question 31

agnosias

Answer 31

Lack of sensory recognition as the result of a lesion in the sensory association areas or association pathways of the brain.

Question 32

Temporal lobe

Answer 32

Identified with language and speech comprehension.

Question 33

apraxia

Answer 33

A disorder of learned movement distinct from paralysis, weakness, and in coordination; results in a disturbance of motor planning.

Question 34

dysarthrias

Answer 34

A group of speech production disorders caused by oral- motor weakness, paralysis, or incoordination. May be congenital or acquired.

Question 35

Norman Geschwind

Answer 35

First neurologist to outline the literature focusing on language disorders and related deficits.

Question 36

Broca:

Answer 36

First to localize human language to the left hemisphere.

Question 37

clinical neurology

Answer 37

Medical discipline involving diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system.

Question 38

posterior

Answer 38

Directed to or situated in the back; opposite is anterior; also referred to as dorsal.