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Building Construction > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

NFPA 80A

A

protection from exterior fire exposure

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2
Q

NFPA 1

A

Uniform Fire Code

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3
Q

NFPA 5000

A

Building Const. and Safety Code

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4
Q

NFPA 101

A

Life Safety Code

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5
Q

What’s NFPA code is often adopted by governmental agencies with a specific area of responsibility, such as state health department.

A

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code

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6
Q

Configuration

A

General shape or layout of building

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7
Q

Exposure defined by NFPA

A

When heat from external fire might cause ignition or damage to exposure building

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8
Q

In tactical FIrefighting, exposure is defined as?

A

Structure or object to which a fire could spread, such as propane tank or pile of lumber

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9
Q

What is an exposed building?

A

A building threatened by fire

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10
Q

Design deficiencies

A

Refers to a failure to provide a level of fire safety appropriate to the ultimate use of a building

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11
Q

IBC

A

International Building Code

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12
Q

What is the companion for International Building Code (IBC)

A

International Fire Code

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13
Q

UBC

A

Uniform Building Code

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14
Q

Who published UBC

A

International Council of Building Officials (ICBO)

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15
Q

Design Build

A

Single firm takes on both design and construction of building

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16
Q

Gentrification

A

Process or restoring rundown deteriorated properties for more affluent people.

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17
Q

Fuel load

A

Amount of fuel present. Maybe available/consumable fuel or total fuel

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18
Q

Exposure

A

Book definition: Structure or separate part of fire ground to which fire could spread.

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19
Q

Conflagration

A

Large, uncontrollable fire covering a considerable area and crossing natural barriers such as streets.

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20
Q

What caused some of the first fire codes in the U.S.?

A

Conflagration / fire communication from building to building

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21
Q

Set back

A

Distance between street and front of building

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22
Q

Wildland/urban interface

A

Line, area, or zone where structures and other human development met undeveloped land

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23
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat by movement of heated fluids or gases.

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24
Q

Which direction does convection usually flow

A

Upward

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25
Q

Thermal radiation

A

Transmission or transfer of heat energy from one body to another at low temp through intervening spaces through electromagnetic waves

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26
Q

horizontal communication of fire is mainly due to?

A

Thermal radiation

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27
Q

Spec building

A

Short or specific building, built without a tenant or known occupant

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28
Q

Building code

A

Body of law, adopted by states, counties, cities, or governmental bodies to regulate construction, renovation, and building maintenance.

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29
Q

What determines the minimum standard that a building must meet in the interest of community safety and health

A

Building code

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30
Q

Board of appeals

A

Group of people with experience in fire prevention, building construction, and code enforcement legally constituted to arbitrate differences in opinion between fire inspectors and building officials.

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31
Q

How many people are usually of the board of appeals

A

Usually 5-7

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32
Q

How can FF operations be carried out more efficiently and safely

A

By understanding the principles of fire behavior and its effects on buildings.

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33
Q

What are the two most important ways that determine how to build a building

A

Time and economics

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34
Q

How does time effect building construction

A

Materials change an advance due to innovation

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35
Q

How does economic effect building construction

A

Material costs, labor, and building efficiency

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36
Q

According to chapter 1 of B.C., what is the useful life span of a building

A

25-100 years or more

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37
Q

What must discussion of B.C. Between FF’s include

A

Older construction as well as new technology

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38
Q

What alone can present a significant change to firefighting and life safety

A

A change in occupancy

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39
Q

What do building variables include?

A

age, fire protection systems, occupancy type, fuel load, type of construction, configuration, and building access and exposures.

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40
Q

What is the first line of defense in a building

A

Auto fire protection systems, esp. Sprinklers

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41
Q

Very often, change in occupancy is only discovered when?

A

Fire inspector visits for routine inspection

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42
Q

What are the 5 traditional fire classifications

A

Fire resistive, noncombustible, masonry/ordinary, heavy timber, and wood frame

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43
Q

What are the 5 contemporary codes numerical designations

A 
Type I, fire resistive
Type II, protected noncombustible or noncombustible
Type III, exterior protected
Type IV, heavy timber
Type V, wood frame
44
Q

Nothing is more fundamental to a building than?

A

The material which it is constructed

45
Q

Why are building codes developed

A

To prevent the spread of fire between buildings

46
Q

What are the risks for urban, suburb, and wildland/urban interface.

A

Urban- close proximity
Suburbs-houses are set back and spaced due to codes
Wildland/urban interface-cause by vegetation, building materials (roof and siding), and open vents

47
Q

Radiation

A

Horizontal communication mainly due to thermal radiation

48
Q

How do bodies emit thermal radiation

A

At rate dependent of their absolute temp

49
Q

Fire spread is often the result of?

A

Radiant heat

50
Q

Flame alone is the determining factor in fire spread from one building to another?
True or False

A

False

51
Q

NFPA 80A, describes 3 levels of exposure severity

A
  1. Light
  2. Moderate
  3. Severe
52
Q

NFPA 80A, fire severity levels are based on?

A

Fire load, flame spread rating of walls and finishes of exposing building

53
Q

Some methods of protecting buildings from exposing fire

A 
Space
Suppression systems
Self supporting barrier walls
Blank walls of noncombustible material
Parapets
Automatic outside Deluge system
Wired glass
Fire shutters/dampers
Eliminate openings in exterior walls
Fire doors
54
Q

In building engineering, a failure is

A

When a structural part is no longer capable of performing it’s required function in a satisfactory manner

55
Q

What could engineering failure include

A

Depending on what the structure is intended for - Excessive vibration, deflection, noise, or wear

56
Q

What does building failure mean to FF’s

A

Structural collapse, broadly building parts no longer performing designed function

57
Q

Can fire spread between fire rated barriers be seen as a failure

A

Yes

58
Q

What are some sources of building failure

A

Structural collapse
Building systems
Design deficiencies

59
Q

Is unsatisfactory performance of fire protection systems seen as a building failure

A

Yes

60
Q

Collapse of a building under fire conditions is a result of

A

Loss of structural integrity

61
Q

The structural integrity of a building under fire conditions is a related to

A

Fire resistance and combust ability of building materials

62
Q

Name some specific building systems

A

HVAC, electrical, plumbing, communications, transportation (elevators/conveyors)

63
Q

Good design process cannot prevent fire spread

A

False, planning and provisions can mitigate spread

64
Q

Where should electrical systems have preventative measures

A

Fire stops where conduit goes through floors and fire walls, include emergency power back up for pumps and other systems

65
Q

What is a basic but crucial part of life safety design

A

Adequate number of exits

66
Q

How are exits determined

A

By the number of occupants, subject to building code

67
Q

Code can only provide “fill in blank” level of protection for most commonly encountered situations

A

Reasonable

68
Q

When codes cannot provide an adequate amount of safety, what is best course of action

A

Fundamentals technical analysis of potential hazards

69
Q

Fire personnel must understand the sense tail elements of building design and construction to?

A

In order to predict how the structure, occupants, and contents will be affected and the best course of action

70
Q

Why are buildings built

A

Security from physical/social forces
Investments
Cultural desires

71
Q

Earlier construction was based on materials available, today they are based on?

A

Aesthetics

72
Q

Factors considered by designer

A 
Cost
Building use
Aesthetics
Codes
Safety
Accessibility
Climate
Soil
Infrastructure 
Owners needs
Physical laws of engineering
73
Q

What drives designs of buildings

A

Cost

74
Q

Cutting design cost could lead to

A

Difficulties in emergencies if inexpensive or inadequate systems fail

75
Q

Buildings designed for a specific occupancy can become problems when

A

Renovated for a different use

76
Q

Model code

A

Code used by other jurisdictions to save on time money and adds a level of uniformity between jurisdictions

77
Q

IBC is a successor to 3 other codes

A

UBC
BOCA
Standard building code

78
Q

Are jurisdiction free to amend codes to their needs.

A

Yes

79
Q

Designers have a fundamental responsibility to

A

Provide a safe end product

80
Q

What are some fire safety provisions

A 
Fire resistance
Flammability of interior finishes
Egress
Enclosure of vertical openings 
Fire protection systems 
Exposure protection
Occupancy separations
81
Q

What are environmental force provisions

A

Wind , snow, earth quakes

82
Q

Some occupant safety considerations

A 
Designs of stairways and walking surfaces
Balcony rails
Overhead obstacles 
Electrical wiring
Elevator operations
83
Q

Americans with disabilities act (ADA) was established in what year and why

A

1990, to include provisions for hearing and vision Impaired, learning and speech impairment, mental health, and neuro-muscular

84
Q

According to BC, fire alarm station should be a maximum and a minimum of what for wheel chair access

A

No more than 4 1/2 ft and minimum of of not less than 3 1/2 ft from floor

85
Q

Area of refuge may be?

A

Stair case with smoke proof enclosure
Balcony adjacent to a stairway
Protected vestibule

86
Q

Do all building require areas of refuge

A

No, buildings with sprinkler may not require areas of refuge depending on local code

87
Q

Areas of refuge must be equipped with what

A

2 way communication

88
Q

What is basic consideration of a fire protection design and what its primary concern

A

Water, primary concern is e amount of water needed for flow rate and duration of fire protection systems

89
Q

In all climates, “blank” dictates insulation material

A

Energy conservation

90
Q

Green design

A

Environmental and energy efficient friendly

91
Q

Energy conservation affects the speed at which FF’s can ?

A

Ventilate and the rate of combustion in a building

92
Q

What is important to foundation design

A

Soil strength, strain resistance, and stability

93
Q

Soil properties are affected by what factors

A

Frost action, water content, seismic shock, organic decomposition, and disturbance during construction

94
Q

What is the physical law of engineering

A

Design of a building and the loads and forces exerted upon it must be matched to the strength of the materials and structural mechanics

95
Q

What is a joint venture

A

Using different firms for design and construction

96
Q

When fire officials are involved in the design process they can

A

Address fire safety issues before construction

97
Q

Why are renovations a concern for FF’s

A

A building can become weak if improper methods are used

98
Q

Subdivisions in spaces can creat what hazards for FFs

A

Maze patterns

99
Q

Fast track project

A

Design and construction overlap

100
Q

When does inspection take place

A

During and upon completion

101
Q

What is the primary role of fire inspector in BC

A

Ensure proper installation and operation of suppression systems. To witness not test

102
Q

What two reasons should fire prevention maintain test results

A
  1. Ensure code was followed
  2. Facilitate re-inspection and testing over the life of the system. Documentation provides continuity when personnel change
103
Q

Ways to develop knowledge of construction

A 
Obtain during permit process
Pre fire planning
GPS and GIS (geographical info system)
Construction info, type and occupancy
Systems
Layout
104
Q

A building is never closer to falling down then?

A

During construction or rehab, worst time to respond due to stability and accessibility

105
Q

Laws of physics governing fire NEVER change but

A

Building vary greatly

106
Q

Task of a tactical FF is?

A

Understand design, construction, and function to carry out operations effectively

Building Construction (4 decks)

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