Chapter 1 Flashcards
Makes it unlawful for us,to trade with belligerent countries.
Neutrality Act
Why did US proclaim neutrality?
The US doesn’t want to loose any more men like in World War 1
Who is the leader of the USSR?
Joseph Stalin
What act replaced the Neutrality act and gave permission to sell, transfer, or lease war goods to any country whose defense seems vital to the US
Lend Lease Act
What event stopped US neutrality?
The bombing of Pearl Harbor
Who are the Allies?
Great Britian, France, China, Soviet Union, United States
Who are the Axis?
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Why is the U.S. Battle of Midway significant?
US inflicts irreparable damage on the Japanese navy and seizes the strategic initiative
The largest single day invasion of all time. Allied forces land in Normandy
D-day
Who are the big 3 dudes? and what nation were they for?
Roosevelt- USA
Churchill- Great Britian
Stalin- USSR
What happens at the Potsdam Conference?
Germany os to be divided
The US tells everyone it has an Atomic Bomb
What is Joseph Stalins opinion on communism?
He likes the idea that everything is under government control.
Who replaces Roosevelt when he dies?
Truman
What is the name of the project of the creation of the atomic bomb?
The Manhattan Project
Where were the Atomic bombs dropped?
Namisaki, and Heroshima
Who was the Cold War between and what kind of race is it reffered to as?
USA vs. The USSR (communism vs. democracy)
It is a Arms Race
List the 1st reason for the Cold War plus details
1) Poland:
Poland acted as a buffer between East and Western Europe
(Atlantic Charter)
According to the Atlantic Charter what do people have to have?
- —–Self-Determination——
- Free trade among nations
- Right of people to choose their own government
List the 2nd reason for the Cold War plus details
What will the structure of government be in Eastern European countries?
USSR wanted buffer communism countries
Tehran Conference- focused on self determination
Key point —–Containment——- Preventing the spread of communism
What is prevent the spread of communism called?
containment
List the 3rd reason for the Cold War plus details
The Future of Germany
there was an original plan of small farms
- failed because of decimating Germany ecnomy
New Plan- Iron Curtain
What was the plan that divided Germany into the West Germany democratic and the East Germany communist?
The Iron Curtain
List the 4th reason for the Cold War plus details
Economic reconstruction of Europe
US gives money to Europe so they don’t become communist
Led to Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
What doctrine said the US will support countries that reject communism?
The Truman Doctrine
What plan said the US would give 12.5 billion to European countries?
the Marshall Plan
List the 5th reason for the Cold War plus details
The Atomic Bomb
Highlighted the main idea of the cold war - An arms race-
About it came The Manhattan Project and ——Proliferation——
The idea that countries have the ability to destroy entire countries and potentially the world.
What is proliferation
Who was president when the Cold War began?
Truman
What did Truman call his first year in administration?
A year of decision
What were the 4 issues of the Truman Administration?
Truman is difficult to work with
He had no experience in domestic and foreign policy
He didn’t know the Manhattan Project
He hated Communism
What was the meeting where Stalin and Truman met to discuss the Cold War called?
The Potsdam conference
What was the goal of the Soviet and Eastern Loc nations?
What was the goal of the US and Western Democracies?
Spread worldwide communism
Containment
What are the 4 methodologies of the Cold War?
1-Espionage- KGB vs. CIA
2-Arms Race- Nuclear escalation
3-Ideological competition in third world countries- command vs capitalist
4- Polarisation in Europe
What were the 4 highlights of Trumans Admin.
Created United Nations- global peace
Created Truman Doctrine
Executed the Marshall Plan
Ended discrimination in Armed forces
labor was consumers
pay them move, sell them more, prosper more
Keeping Up With The Jones
What is consumerism?
What is the idea of “ Keeping up with the Jones”?
One upong your neighbor
Who is the founder of McDonalds?
Ray Kroc
What are the key aspects of Suburban living, and what is it known as?
“The American Dream”
Subrbia and William Levitt
Who created mass produced floor plans?
William Levitt
Life outside the city. Same people in same neighborhoods
What is Suburbia?
Why did car registration double?
Women were allowed to drive
What is the significance of the interstate commerce act?
it added 41,000 miles of highways
What was introduced concerning TV in the 1950s?
TVDinners
TVs skyrocketted from 7,000 to 50 million
What was a womens role in this early era?
Women are healthmates to husbands and full time mothers to their children.
Cooked and cared for family
Size figure 12
What was the baby boomer thing about?
1950s-60s Tons of babies were born after world war 2 due to need of repopulation.
Led to decrease in social security
What was teen culture in the 1950s?
fit with the norm, talk the same, act the same, be the same
Although this changed into the idea of breaking the norm
Who is the father of Rock and Roll who broke cultural norms?
Elvis Presely
What is the _______ Generation about?
Beatniks Going against the norm, teenagers going against countercultural - reject mainsteam American values -drug exmerimentation Eastern Spirituality experimentation
Why is red significant?
It is the color of communism
It caused distrust in American People.
John McCarthy accused the state department of having communist spies. He said he had a list of the members.
– it led to distrust in American people.–
What is McCarthyism?
What were the sides in the Second Red Scare?
U.S.- Democratic, Chrsitian, Capitalistic
Russia- Totaltarian, Communist, Atheist
What is the Nato vs. Warsaw Pact?
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Admin.
Defense Alliance between US and Western Europe
Warsaw - Defense Alliance between Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
Who leads communist takeover in China? plus what did it lead to?
Mao Zedong
It led to increasedfear of communist domination
What did the NSC-68 (National Security report) do?
it called for U.S military buildup
What was the Korean War known as? a localized war without the decleration of war
A police action.
List details of the Korean War
It was a battle over the 38th parallel
North Korea-commies
South Korea- democratic
US has to help south Korea on the issue of containment
Who led forces in World War 2? lus significance
Douglas MacArthur, he wanted to bomb Manchuria so he got fired
What are the results of the Korean War?
Stalemate at the 38th parallel
23,300 Americans dead. Billions of dollars spent
An armistice would require a demilitarized zone
What is the legacy of the Korean War?
— Succeeded in containing Communism, but provided precedent for intervention in Vietnam—
Polarization in Europe
Exacerbated the civil war in Korea between North and South
American support against communist aggression
Key aspect of Marshall Plan?
A humanitarian/ political triumph for the forces of democracy
What did the Korean war demonstrate?
the horrible dilemma of fighting worldwide communism: defeat enemy without touching off a new atomic world war.
What were the highlights of Eisenhowers Admin.
Accused of being dishonest
took money for campaign
Who was the Secretary of State during Eistenhowers administration? What does he come up with?
John Foster Dulles
Beinkmanship
What replaced containment?
roll-back
Who led the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
Nikita Khrushchev
What dominated Eisenhowers administration?
Cold War tensions
What is the diplomatic art of going to the brink of war withput actually getting into war?
Brinkmanship
What is the promise that the U.S. would use overwhelming force against the USSR to settle conflicts?
Massive Retaliation
What treaty allows each to fly over the others territory and learn about their military abilities? and where did it occur?
The Open Skies Treaty at Geneva Summit
What trouble was occuring in the Middle East during Eisenhowers admin?
Gamal Nasser wanted to unite Arab nations
but US didn’t like this so they helped build Aswan Dam. In turn, Nasser seized Suez Canal.
Led to Eisenhower Doctrine
This doctrine said the U.S. would aid any middle eastern countries trying to resist communism
The Eisenhower doctrine
What was the key aspect of the space race?
The USSR launched the first artificial satellite into space — Sputnik—
In turn, this led to the U.S. creation of NASA
Tell me about the Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan was very successful. The U.S. gave European countries 12.5 billion dollars so they wouldn’t fall into communism. It is a little strange because the U.S. had just finished destroying these countries in World War 2. Now that the war was over U.S. was supporting them. In a way the Marshall plan was a way to ensure containment in European Countries.
What is the Spy plane about? 1 paragraph
In 1960 the U.S. was flying over Russia in a U2 spy plane. While flying the plane was shot down by a USSR air missile. This was significant because it led to the Open Skies Treaty, which ensured safe flying. Although a positive came out of the issue, the inncident strengthened tensions between the U.S. and USSR
What is the Massive Retaliation about? 1 paragraph
Massive retaliation was introduced during the Eisinhower Administration. The massive retalliation focused on one of the key aspects of the Cold War: a Arms Race. It was the idea that if a country was under an attack it would retaliate using extreme measures to outdo the opponent(think atomic bomb). Weapons were the new way to deterrerate war
What is the space race all about.
The space race focused on USSR and U.S. competition on space innovation. The USSR launched te first satelite named sputnik. This caused fear in the U.S. because they had no idea on what the USSR knew that the US didn’t know. As a result the U.S. began the NASA program and attempted to be the first to the moon.
Who was checkers.
Nixon’s Dog
