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Sociology 1010 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Sociology and the Real World

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sociology

A

The study of human society and social behavior, from large scale institutions to small groups and individual interactions

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2
Q

Society

A

A group of people who shape their lives in patterned ways that distinguish their group from others

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3
Q

Howard Becker (1986)

A

Said that sociology can be understood by people “doing things together.” No one lives in isolation.

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4
Q

Social Sciences

A

Uses the scientific method to examine the social world in contrast to the natural sciences

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5
Q

Sociological perspective

A

Looking at the world in a unique way, or through a sociological lens

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6
Q

Bernard McGrane

A

Beginner’s mind sees the world without previous knowledge to see things in a new way

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7
Q

Culture Shock

A

Disorientation when you enter a new culture or environment

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8
Q

Sociological Imagination

A

Founded by C. Wright Mills (1916-1962). It allows us to understand the relationship between individual circumstances and larger social forces. Our problems may be due to larger works, cultural or historical causes

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9
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Macro-sociology and Micro-sociology

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10
Q

Micro-sociology

A

The interactions between individuals in order to understand how they affect the larger patterns and institutions

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11
Q

Pam Fishman in the 60s and 70s

A

Experiment that saw that women are inferior during conversation to men

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12
Q

Macro-sociology

A

Studies the large social structures in order to determine how they affect the lives of individuals

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13
Q

Christine Williams

Define “glass ceiling” and “glass escalator”

A

“Glass ceiling” is a term that shows that women have a hard time succeeding in men jobs
“Glass escalator” is a term that shows that men have an easy time succeeding in women jobs

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14
Q

Theories

A

Are abstract propositions that explain the social world and make predictions about the future

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15
Q

Paradigms

A

Or perspectives; are assumptions, theories and perspectives that make up a way of understanding social reality

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16
Q 
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Define "Social physics" and "Positivism"
A

“Social physics” is the scientific study of society
“Positivism” are perceptions, that are the only valid source of knowledge
He coined the term “sociology”

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17
Q

What is the Macro-Micro continuum

A 
Society 
Culture 
Social institutions (economics, politics, education, religion)
Social inequality (class, race, gender)
Groups
Roles
Socialization
Interaction
Self
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18
Q

Harriet Martineau (1802-1903)

A

Endorsed labor unions, abolition of slavery, and women’s suffrage. She also translated Comte’s work to English.

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19
Q 
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) 
Define Social Darwinism
A

Social Darwinism: the application of the theory of evolution and “survival of the fittest” to the study of society

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20
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Assumption that society is a unified whole that functions because of the contributions of its separate functions.
The founder is Emile Durkheim.

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21
Q

Organic Solidarity

A

Social bonds based on independence and individual rights.

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22
Q

Mechanical Solidarity

A

To describe the type of social bonds present in premodern, agrarian societies, in which shared traditions and beliefs create a sense of social cohesion.

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23
Q

Anomie

A

Alienation, loss of purpose.

Suicide was a result of one anomie; the more connected to family, the less anomie an individual feels.

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24
Q

Solidarity

A

The degree of integration or unity within society. The extent an individual feel connected to members of their group.

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25
Q

Sacred

A

Holy, divine, or supernatural.

26
Q

Profane

A

The ordinary, mundane, or everyday.

27
Q

Collective Effervescence

A

An intense energy in shared events where people feel swept up in something larger than themselves.

28
Q

Collective Conscience

A

The shared morals and beliefs that are common to a group and which foster social solidarity.

29
Q

Empirical

A

Based in scientific experimentation or observation.

30
Q

Structure

A

A social institution that is stable over time and meets the needs of society.

31
Q

Dysfunction

A

A disturbance causing a change in structure.

32
Q

Functionalism

A

Society is made up of stable structures that have a function that contributes to stability.

33
Q

Robert Merton

Manifest Function and Latent Functions

A

Manifest Function: Obvious functions of structure.
Latent Functions: Less obvious or unintended functions of a social structure
Ex. Schools are to teach children(MF) but also keep them busy(LF)

34
Q

Conflict Theory

A

That sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change. Founded by Karl Marx

35
Q

Means of Production

A

Anything that can create wealth

36
Q

Proletariat

A

Are workers. They don’t have means of production.

37
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Are the owners who own the means of production.

38
Q

Socialism

A

A political system based on state ownership or control of the economy to reduce social inequality.

39
Q

Ideology

A

A system of beliefs, attitudes and values that directs a society and reproduces that status quo of the bourgeoisie.

40
Q

False Consciousness

A

Denial of the truth on inequalities of the class structure and power oppression.

41
Q

Class Consciousness

A

Recognition of social inequality by the oppressed, leading to revolutionary action.

42
Q

Dialectical Model

A

Two positions get into conflict, compromise and then the synthesis of new social arrangements.

43
Q

Critical Theory

A

–> of conflict theory

Criticizes systems of domination and oppression.

44
Q

Feminist theory

A

Approach that looks at gender inequalities in society.

45
Q

Queer Theory

A

Proposes that sexual identity are social constructs and that there isn’t a normal identity.

46
Q

Praxis

A

Action taken base on intellectual or theoretical understanding.

47
Q

Weberian Theory

A

Founded by Max Weber(1864-1920). Believed that industrialized societies are characterized by bureaucracies. Is the bridge for macro to micro theories.

48
Q

Rationalization

A

Application of economic logic to human activity.

49
Q

Iron Cage

A

Max Weber’s description of modern life, where we are caught in bureaucratic structures that control our lives.

50
Q

Disenchantment

A

The rationalization of modern society.

51
Q

Verstehen

A

Weber’s term to describe good social research, which tries to understand the meanings that individual social actors attach to various actions and events.

52
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes meanings are created through interaction. Founded by George Herbert Mead(1863-1931).

53
Q

Chicago School of Sociology or University of Chicago 1920’s

A

Albion Small, Robert Park, WI Thomas, Charles Horton Cooley, Mead and Herbert Blumer.

54
Q

Pragmatism

A

Perspective that assumes organisms make practical adaptions to their environment.

55
Q

WEB Dubois

A

Studied race relations, and was the founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

56
Q

Dramaturgy

A

The understanding of how people represent themselves.

57
Q

Jane Addams

A

Established the Hull house. She believed woman have the tendency to care for others. Was the founder of social work.

58
Q

Harold Garfinkel

Ethnomethodology

A

Background knowledge that sustains a shared sense of reality in everyday interactions.

59
Q

Conversation Analysis

A

As everyday actors we are constantly analyzing and giving meaning to the social world.

60
Q

Post Modern Theory

A

Social reality is diverse, pluralistic and constantly in flux. Founded by Jacques Derrida, Jean Baudrillard, and Michel Fouealt.

61
Q

Midrange Theory

A

Integrates empiricism and the grand theory(made by classical theorists). Founded by Robert Merton.

Sociology 1010 (4 decks)

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