Chapter 1

Question 1

Collective Action Problem

Answer 1

a situation wherein each individual has incentives not to participate in an action that benefits all members of the group (paying taxes)

Question 2

State

Answer 2

A political legal organization with sovereign power over a particular geographic territory and the population that resides within that territory

Question 3

Sovereignty

Answer 3

Supreme legal authority over people within a certain territory

Question 4

Society

Answer 4

all formal and informal organizations, social movements, and interest groups that attempt to articulate their own interests or remain autonomous.

Question 5

NAtion

Answer 5

a collectively held political identity

Question 6

Early-forming state

Answer 6

a state that managed to consolidate sovereignty centuries ago

Question 7

Late forming state

Answer 7

a state that only consolidates sovereignty in recent decades

Question 8

Failed state

Answer 8

a state where soveirngty has collapsed or was never effectively established

Question 9

Foreign Direct Investment

Answer 9

the purchase or creation of assets in one country by an individual, firm, or government based in a different country

Question 10

Mulitnational Corps (MNCs)

Answer 10

firms that are headquartered in one country but operate in others

Question 11

Democracy

Answer 11

political regime that allows for government accountability to all citizens through institutionalized participation and contestation

Question 12

Non-democracy

Answer 12

a system in which rulers are not accountable to the ruled because rulers restrict political participation and contestation

Question 13

unitary system

Answer 13

a state in which the constitution grants the central government exclusive, final authority over policy making w/in the nation

Question 14

Federal system

Answer 14

system in which the constitution grants two or more governments overlapping political authority over the same group of people and same territory

Question 15

presidential system

Answer 15

a democratic constitutional design in which voters directly elect a legislature as well as an executive

Question 16

parliamentary system

Answer 16

a democratic constitutional design in which voters only elect a legislature and in which the legislature itself elects the executive to head the gov’t

Question 17

prime minister

Answer 17

the chief executive in a parliamentary system elected by parliament members

Question 18

semi-presidential

Answer 18

a democratic constitutional design in which the pres and prime minister share executive authority

Question 19

plurality rule

Answer 19

an electoral system in which the candidate that receives the largest share of votes in the electoral district wins the seat

Question 20

majority rule

Answer 20

an electoral system which requires candidates to win an actual majority of 50% +1 of the votes in an electorial district

Question 21

proportional representation

Answer 21

electoral system that gives legislative seats to parties in proportion to the votes they receive in each district

Question 22

mixed electoral system

Answer 22

combines a plurality or majority rule to elect some members of the national legislature while a proportional representation electoral rule is used to elect the remainder

Question 23

Selectorate

Answer 23

small subset of national population in non-democracies that chooses and removes leader(s)

Question 24

totalitarian regime

Answer 24

a non-democratic regime that attempts to shape the interests and identities of its citizens through the use of ideological mobilization

Question 25

Authoritarian regime

Answer 25

controls political pluralism through coercion

Question 26

Monarchy

Answer 26

head of state; birthright

Question 27

oligarchy

Answer 27

“ruled by the few” small, social, economic, or political elite

Question 28

single-party regime

Answer 28

one party dominates all government institutions

Question 29

military regime

Answer 29

ruled by top members of the armed forces

Question 30

theocracy

Answer 30

leaders who claim divine guidance hold the authority to rule