Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

The scientific study of mind and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between mind and behavior?

A

The mind is your private inner experience; the behavior is observable actions of humans and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) do?

A

It is a neuro imaging technique that allows one to see which parts of the brain are active during certain tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did William James do?

A

He was the first to take scientific approach to psychology; functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is structuralism?

A

Analyzing the mind and breaking it down into basic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is functionalism?

A

Studying how mental abilities allow people to adapt to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is nativism?

A

The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn; Plato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is philosophical empiricism?

A

The philosophical view that all knowledge is acquired through experience; Aristotle; tabula rosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Rene Descartes argue?

A

He advocated for dualism, that the mind and body are separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes argue?

A

Argued against Descartes; said that the mind is what the body does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Franz Joseph Gall do?

A

Phrenology: different regions of the brain do different things; however, his idea that you could identify what these different regions do by feeling ones scalp is completely wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Pierre Flourens do?

A

He surgically removed brain pieces from rats; argued against Gall’s methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Paul Broca do?

A

He studied brain damaged patients to link localization to ability; discovered that the left frontal lobe is linked to speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is physiology?

A

The biological processes of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Hermann Von Helmholtz do?

A

He studied human reaction time and the length of nerve impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a stimulus and reaction time?

A

A stimulus is sensory input from the environment, and reaction time is time taken to respond to a certain stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did Wilhelm Wundt do?

A

He had the first psychological laboratory; studied consciousness, structuralism, and introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is consciousness?

A

A person’s subjective experience of the world and mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is introspection?

A

Subjective observation of one’s own experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Edward Titchener do in regards to chemistry in psychology?

A

He identified basic elements of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who influenced William James in functionalism?

A

Charles Darwin did with writing The Origin of Species and talking about natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did G. Stanley Hall do?

A

He established the first psychological lab in North America; focused on development and education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why did Jean-Martin Charcot and Pierre Janet do?

A

They studied hysteric patients through hypnosis

24
Q

What is hysteria?

A

A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually due to emotionally upsetting experiences

25
Q

What does Sigmund Freud say about hysteria?

A

He says that hysteria is caused by painful unconscious experiences

26
Q

What is psychoanalytic theory?

A

Unconscious thoughts are important because they influence feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

27
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

Therapeutic, unconscious to conscious awareness to understand psychological disorders

28
Q

Why did Carl Jung and Alfred Adler break away from Freud?

A

Psychoanalytic theory became controversial

29
Q

What new movement in Humanistic Psychology did Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers pioneer?

A

The approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

30
Q

What is Behaviorism?

A

the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings

31
Q

What did Watson do?

A

Studied observable behavior (behaviorism); little Albert

32
Q

What did Washburn do?

A

Studied behavior in animals (behaviorism)

33
Q

What did Pavlov do?

A

found that a stimulus elicits a response

34
Q

What did Skinner do?

A

He came up with the idea of reinforcement; said that behavior is determined by rewards and punishments; free will is an illusion; Beyond Freedom and Dignity

35
Q

What is reinforcement?

A

The consequences of a behavior that determine whether it will be more likely that the behavior will occur again (Skinner box and teaching machines)

36
Q

What is Cognitive Psychology?

A

scientific study of mind and mental function, including learning, memory, attention, perception, reasoning, language, conceptual development, and decision making

37
Q

What are illusions?

A

Error in perception that differs from reality

38
Q

What did Wertheimer do?

A

Induced motion phenomena; Gestalt psychology (perceive whole rather than the sum; simplicity)

39
Q

What did Bartlett do?

A

memory recall is flawed; contrast with Ebbinghaus

40
Q

What did Piaget do?

A

cognitive development in children; spacial vs quantitative

41
Q

What did Lewin do?

A

Construal of stimuli to model subjective experience

42
Q

What did Broadbent do?

A

attention has a limited capacity; influence of Miller (capacity limits in memory) and Chomsky (language)

43
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

Links between cognitive processes and brain activity

44
Q

What is behavioral neuroscience?

A

links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily functions

45
Q

What did Lashley do?

A

Lesioned rats brains to unsuccessfully localize learning

46
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection (Darwin, James, E.O. Wilson)

47
Q

What is cultural psychology?

A

Psychology is influenced by the presence and absence of other people bc humans are social animals

48
Q

What is social psychology?

A

Has to do with causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior

49
Q

What did Solomon Asch do?

A

“Mental chemistry” and obedience

50
Q

What did Gordon Allport do?

A

Said that stereotyping, prejudice, and racism were perceptual errors

51
Q

What is Clinical Psychology?

A

concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness and disability

52
Q

The early roots of psychology are planted in…

A

Physiology and philosophy

53
Q

Where and when was the first psychological laboratory opened?

A

Leipzig in 1879

54
Q

Freud’s view of human nature was…

A

Negative

55
Q

Humanistic psychologists view of human nature was..

A

Positive

56
Q

How many members are there in the APS?

A

150,000

Psychology 111 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions