Chapter 1 Flashcards
Receive info and transmit it to other cells in the nervous system
Neuron’s
Outside surface of a cell
Membrane
Structure inside the cell that contains the chromosomes
Nucleus
Battery of the cell
Mitochondria
Sites at which the cells synthesize new protein molecules
Ribosomes
Network of tubes that transport synthesized proteins to other locations
Endoplasmic reticulum
The soma of a motor neuron is where?
Spinal cord
Sensory neuron conducts how
From the senses in the skin to the spinal cord
Short outgrowths of dendrites that increase surface area
Dendritic spines
Cell body of a neuron
Soma
Axon is covered by a protective layers called
Myelin sheath
Interruptions in the myelin sheath
Nodes of ranvier
Swells at the end of the branches on the axon
Pre synaptic terminal
Afferent axon
Brings information into a structure
Efferent axon
Carries info away from a structure
When a cells dendrites and axons are totally contained within one structure
Interneuron or and intrinsic neuron
Type of glia that wrap around the presynaptic terminals of a group of functionally related axons
Astrocytes
What does an astrocyte do?
What does an astronauts do? Shield the presynaptic terminal from chemicals and enables the axons to send info in waves by taking up ions released from axons and then releasing them in waves. Guide the formation and elimination of synapses. Remove wares. Control the amount of blood flow in brain
Tripartite synapse hypothesis
Tip of axon releases chemicals that cause neighboring astrocyte to release chemicals if it’s own, this magnifying or modifying the message to the next neuron
Microglia
Remove waste materials, viruses, and fungi from brain. Proliferate after brain damage and in most brain diseases. Remove the weakest synapse during learning.
Oligodendrocytes
Build myelin sheaths the surround and insulate certain vertebrate axons and provide nutrients in the brain and spinal cord
Schwann cells
Build myelin sheaths and provide nutrients in the periphery of the body
Radial glia
Guide the migration of neuron’s and their axons and dendrites during embryonic development then they differentiate into neuron’s or other glia cells
Mechanism that excludes most chemicals from the vertebrate bran is know as
The blood brain barrier
