Chapter 1

Question 1

[define] Theory

Answer 1

A tested explanation for a very general class of phenomena.

Question 2

[define] Hypothesis

Answer 2

Testable statement to explain phenomenon/observation

Question 3

Pattern & process components of cell theory?

Answer 3

All organisms- made of cells & Cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 4

What did Louis Pateur’s experiment prove?

Answer 4

Cells arise from cells, not from spontaneous generation.

Question 5

Scientific method steps (1-3/of 5)

Answer 5

1. Observation
2. Formulate hypothesis
3. Devise testable prediction

Question 6

Scientific method steps (4&5/of 5)

Answer 6

4. Conduct an experiment

5. Draw conclusion, make revisions

Question 7

[define] Biological fitness

Answer 7

Ability of an individual to produce viable offspring

Question 8

[define] evolution

Answer 8

Species related by common ancestry, and change over time

Question 9

[define] natural selection (1/2)

Answer 9

Population vary in traits that are heritable.

Question 10

[define] natural selection (2/2)

Answer 10

In environment certain heritable traits help individuals to survive better and reproduce more.

Question 11

[define] artificial selection

Answer 11

Change in population, when selected individuals produce the most offspring

Question 12

[define] phylogenetic tree

Answer 12

Shows relationships between species

Question 13

[define] prokaryotic cells

Answer 13

Cells with no nucleus (bacteria & archaea)

Question 14

[define] eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

Cells that have a nucleus (eukarya)

Question 15

Why giraffes have long necks?

Answer 15

Not for food, but for competing for a mate.

Question 16

How do ants find their way back to the nest?

Answer 16

By their internal pedometer/stride.

Question 17

[define] null hypothesis

Answer 17

Is a hypothesis the researcher tries to disprove.

Question 18

[define] alternative hypothesis

Answer 18

What the researcher really thinks is the cause of the phenomenon

Question 19

[define] research

Answer 19

A systematic investigation.

Question 20

[define] a control

Answer 20

A group used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of an experiment

Question 21

[define] treatment

Answer 21

N/a

Question 22

[define] independent variable

Answer 22

Variable of control (manipulate), will affect the dependent

Question 23

[define] dependent variable

Answer 23

What is measured and affected in an experiment

Question 24

Phylogenetic tree (3) domains

Answer 24

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 25

Phylogenetic tree-branches

Answer 25

Share common ancestor, closely related

Question 26

Phylogenetic tree- nodes

Answer 26

Represent the common ancestors of the branch descendants

Question 27

Phylogenetic tree- common ancestor of all life

Answer 27

The last universal ancestor (LUCA)

Question 28

[statement] NS acts on individuals but evolution occurs in population

Answer 28

NS selects fit individ. to reproduce, leading to an evolved population of desirable survival traits.