Chapter 1

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

study of motion or human movement

Question 2

Structural kinesiology

Answer 2

study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement

Question 2

Anatomical position

Answer 2

most widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body

standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, & palms facing forward

Question 2

Fundamental position

Answer 2

is essentially same as anatomical position except arms are at the sides & palms facing the body

Question 3

Mid-axillary line

Answer 3

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit)

Question 4

Anterior axillary line

Answer 4

A line that is parallel to the mid- axillary line and passes through the anterior axillary skinfold

Question 5

Posterior axillary line

Answer 5

A line that is parallel to the mid- axillary line and passes through the posterior axillary skinfold

Question 6

Mid-clavicular line

Answer 6

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the midpoint of the clavicle

Question 7

Mid-inguinal point

Answer 7

A point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

Question 8

Retroversion

Answer 8

Abnormal or excessive rotation backward of a structure, such as femoral retroversion

Question 9

Kyphosis

Answer 9

Increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane

Question 10

Lordosis

Answer 10

Increased curving of the spine inward or forward in the sagittal plane

Question 10

Scoliosis

Answer 10

Lateral curving of the spine

Question 10

Recurvatum

Answer 10

Bending backward, as in knee hyperextension

Question 10

Valgus

Answer 10

Outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in knock-knees

Question 10

Varus

Answer 10

Inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in bowlegs

Question 10

Cardinal

Answer 10

Planes of motion

Question 10

Sagittal or Anteroposterior Plane (AP)

Answer 10

divides body into equal, bilateral segments
It bisects body into 2 equal symmetrical halves or a right & left half
Ex. Sit-Up

Question 10

Frontal, Lateral or Coronal Plane

Answer 10

divides the body into (front) anterior & (back) posterior halves
Ex. Jumping Jacks

Question 10

Transverse, Axial or Horizontal Plane

Answer 10

divides body into (top) superior & (bottom) inferior halves when the individual is in anatomic position
Ex. Spinal rotation to left or right

Question 10

Frontal, coronal, lateral or mediolateral axis

Answer 10

Has same orientation as frontal plane of motion & runs from side to side at a right angle to sagittal plane of motion
Runs medial / lateral
Commonly includes flexion, extension movements

Question 10

Sagittal or anteroposterior axis

Answer 10

Has same orientation as sagittal plane of motion & runs from front to back at a right angle to frontal plane of motion
Runs anterior / posterior
Commonly includes abduction, adduction movements

Question 10

Vertical, long or longitudinal axis

Answer 10

Runs straight down through top of head & is at a right angle to transverse plane of motion
Runs superior/ inferior
Commonly includes internal rotation, external rotation movements

Question 10

Diagonal or oblique axis

Answer 10

also known as the oblique axis

runs at a right angle to the diagonal plane

Question 10

Osteology

Answer 10

Study of the Skeleton

Question 10

Diaphysis

Answer 10

long cylindrical shaft

Question 10

Cortex

Answer 10

hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis

Question 10

Endosteum

Answer 10

fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex

Question 10

Medullary (marrow) cavity

Answer 10

between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow

Question 10

Epiphysis

Answer 10

ends of long bones formed from cancelleous (spongy or trabecular) bone

Question 10

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 10

(growth plate) thin cartilage plate separates diaphysis & epiphyses

Question 10

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 10

covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect & reduce friction

Question 10

Endochondral bones

Answer 10

develop from hyaline cartilage
hyaline cartilage masses at embryonic stagegrow rapidly into structures shaped similar to the bones which they will eventually become
growth continues and gradually undergoes significant change to develop into long bone

Question 10

Synarthrodial

Answer 10

immovable joints
Suture-such as Skull sutures
Gomphosis-such as teeth fitting into mandible or maxilla

Question 10

Amphiarthrodial

Answer 10

slightly movable joints

allow a slight amount of motion to occur

Question 10

Processes (including elevations and projections)

Answer 10

Wither form joints or serve as a point of attachment for muscles, tendons, or ligaments

Question 10

Cavities (depressions)

Answer 10

Include openings and grooves that contain tendons, vessels, nerves, and spaces for other structures

Question 10

arthroses

Answer 10

Joints with no movement

Question 10

Diarthrodial Joints

Answer 10

known as synovial joints
freely movable
composed of sleevelike joint capsule
secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity
capsule thickenings form tough, nonelastic ligaments that provide additional support against abnormal movement or joint opening