Chapter 1

Question 1

collective goods problem

Answer 1

a tangible or intangible good, created by the members of a group, that is available to all group members regardless of their individual contributions; participants can gain by lowering their own contribution to the collective good, yet if too many participants do so, the good cannot be provided.

Question 2

dominance

Answer 2

a principle for solving collective goods problems by imposing solutions hierarchically

Question 3

reciprocity

Answer 3

a response in kind to another’s actions; a strategy of reciprocity uses positive forms of leverage to promise rewards and negative forms of leverage to threaten punishment

Question 4

identity

Answer 4

a principle for solving collective goods problems by changing participants’ preferences based on their shared sense of belonging to a community

Question 5

issue areas

Answer 5

distinct spheres of international activity (such as global trade negotiations) within policy makers of various states face conflicts and sometimes achieve cooperation

Question 6

conflict and cooperation

Answer 6

the types of actions that states take toward each other through time

Question 7

international security

Answer 7

a subfield of international relations (IR) that focuses on questions of war and peace

Question 8

international political economy (IPE)

Answer 8

the study of the politics of trade, monetary, and other economic relations among nations, and their connection to other transnational forces

Question 9

state

Answer 9

an inhabited territorial entity controlled by a government that exercises sovereignty on its territory

Question 10

international system

Answer 10

the set of relationships among the world’s states, structured by certain rules and patterns of interaction

Question 11

nation-states

Answer 11

states whose populations share a sense of national identity, usually including a language and culture

Question 12

nonstate actors

Answer 12

actors other than state governments that operate either below the level of the state (that is, within states) or across state borders

Question 13

IGOs

Answer 13

intergovernmental organization – an organization (such as the UN and its agencies) whose members are state governments

Question 14

NGOs

Answer 14

nongovernmental organization – a transnational group or entity that interacts with states, multinational corporations (MNCs), other NGOs, and intergovernmental organization (IGOs)

Question 15

globalization

Answer 15

the increasing integration of the world in terms of communication culture, and economics; may also refer to changing subjective experiences of space and time accompanying this process

Question 16

summit meeting

Answer 16

a meeting between heads of state, often referring to leaders of great powers, as in the Cold War superpower summits between the US and the Soviet Union

Question 17

proxy wars

Answer 17

wars in the global South–often civil wars–in which the US and the Soviet Union jockeyed for position by supplying and advising opposing factions